词条 光学天文学
描述: 光学天文学主要研究和观测宇宙（恒星、行星、矮行星、小行星等）辐射的近红外线、可见光和紫外线。将这三种电磁辐射放在一起的原因是，天文学家最初为观测来自天体的可见光而建造的带有玻璃镜片和/或金属镜面的光学望远镜，同样也适用于观测近红外线或紫外线。此外，地球大气层不仅对可见光是透明的，而且对直接相邻的红外线和紫外线区域也是透明的，因此可以从地面同时对这三种辐射进行观测。最后，天文学家用于可见光观测的相机芯片也同时能探测到近红外线和紫外线。综上所述，天文学家用于观测可见光的望远镜和仪器同样适用于近红外和紫外线观测。因此，天文学家们用一个术语，即 "光学天文学"，来统称对电磁波谱这一范围的观测。形容词 "光学 "也用于描述光谱范围，如 "光谱的光学部分"。在这一范围内的观测就是 "光学观测"。
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词条和定义状态： 该术语的英文原始定义已通过天文研究人员和教师的审核 该术语及其定义的译文仍待审核
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
If you notice a factual or translation error in this glossary term or definition then please get in touch.
其他语言版本
- 阿拉伯语: علم الفلك البصري
- 德语: Optische Astronomie
- 英语: Optical Astronomy
- 法语: Astronomie optique
- 意大利语: Astronomia ottica
- 韩语: 광학천문학
- 繁体中文: 光學天文學
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哈勃太空望远镜俯瞰地球
图注： 环绕地球运行的 NASA/ESA 哈勃太空望远镜。这张照片是哥伦比亚号航天飞机上的宇航员在对太空望远镜本身执行完 3B 号维修任务后拍摄的。望远镜有一个开口，允许光线进入（在望远镜的左侧）。光线穿过望远镜的光学系统，到达位于望远镜另一端凸起处的照相机和摄谱仪（右侧）。这些仪器的数据随后通过天线传回地球。望远镜两侧的黑色矩形是为天文台供电的太阳能电池板。
来源： 美国宇航局/欧空局
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The Pillars of Creation in comparison
图注： The 'Pillars of Creation' are a renowned astronomical feature situated within the Eagle Nebula in the Serpens constellation. The illustration provides a direct comparison between images captured by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), showcasing the pillars, which span several light years in diameter, in both visible light (also known as optical light) and infrared light. On the left are the pillars as seen by Hubble in visual light, taken in 2014. It displays dark pillars against an opaque background, with only a handful of visible stars. Conversely, the counterpart on the right is Webb’s near-infrared view published in 2022, penetrating the dust and revealing numerous stars of varying sizes.
Their distance from Earth is approximately 6,500 to 7,000 light years. Within these pillars, new stars are constantly forming, making them a subject of extensive study by astronomers. Composed mostly of cool molecular hydrogen and small amounts of interstellar dust, they are subject to erosion by the intense ultraviolet radiation emitted by nearby massive and newborn stars, a process known as photoevaporation.
来源： NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI
来源链接
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