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Terme du glossaire : Photosphère

Description : La photosphère ("sphère de lumière") est la couche d'une étoile d'où émerge la lumière que nous observons. La lumière émise par les couches plus profondes et plus denses sera absorbée avant de pouvoir s'échapper de l'étoile. Les couches supérieures sont moins denses et n'émettent pas de lumière significative.

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Statut du terme et de sa définition : La définition initiale de ce terme en anglais a été aprouvée par un·e spécialiste de la recherche en astronomie et un·e spécialiste de l’éducation
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The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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A yellowish surface divided into roughly 150 small irregular cells, delinated by smudgy, darker, irregular lines.

High-resolution image of the surface of the Sun

Légende : This high-resolution image of a small portion of the outermost visible "surface" of the Sun (the photosphere) covers an area 36,500 by 36,500 km. It was one of the first images taken by the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, as part of the telescope's Science Verification Phase. Each of the cells that are visible is about the size of the US state Texas, or of France, or of Afghanistan, or of Somalia. In the brighter centers of these cells, plasma from the underlying regions rises to the surface, cools off, and then sinks down again at the location of the darker lanes delineating the cells. In these dark lanes we can also see the tiny, bright markers of magnetic fields.
Crédit : NSO/NSF/AURA Lien vers les crédits

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons (CC) Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Icônes


A dark, roughly circular, black sunspot sends dark fingers out into the bright orange surroundings

Close-up view of a sunspot

Légende : This image of a sunspot was taken by the Daniel K Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), operated by the U.S. National Science Foundation. It was taken only in light with a wavelength of 530 nanometers, within the greenish-yellow part of the visible spectrum. The picture reveals the detail of the spot's structure and the Sun’s photosphere. The dark central region, known as the umbra, is surrounded by a lighter area called the penumbra with radially elongated features stretching towards the umbra. Note that the umbra and penumbra here are not the same as the umbra and penumbra that occur during an eclipse. The sunspot measures approximately 5000 kilometres in diameter, roughly equivalent to the east-west span of China. While the umbra appears black, it is actually hot and bright. It only appears dark because it is a few thousand kelvin cooler than the surrounding solar photosphere. Surrounding the sunspot, granulation patterns of plasma are visible on the photospheric surface of the Sun.
Crédit : NSO/NSF/AURA Lien vers les crédits

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons (CC) Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Icônes

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