Glossary term: 氣態巨行星

Also known as Jovian planet 類木行星

Description: 氣態巨行星是指主要由氫和氦組成的巨行星，這兩種元素在星際和行星際空間中都是氣態的，因此得名“氣態巨行星"。然而實際上，氣態巨行星中大部分的氫和氦是液態的。

氣態巨行星被認為具有岩石內核，其周圍是厚厚的氫和氦層。在行星最深處，這些氣體被壓縮成液態，最深層被認為有一片金屬氫的海洋。在外層，氫和氦呈氣態。大氣中的其他元素會形成雲和雨。在最冷的氣態巨行星中，上層的雲可能由水或氨蒸氣組成。在溫度較低的氣態巨行星更深、更熱的層中，以及在溫度較高的氣態巨行星的外層，雲可以由室溫下固態的鐵和礦物組成。

太陽系中最大的兩顆行星--木星和土星都是氣態巨行星。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term

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Related Media

木星的自轉，作者 Vishal Sharma，印度

Caption: 2021 年國際天文學聯合會 (IAU) 天文教育辦公室 (OAE) 天體攝影比賽，伽利略衛星類第三名：《木星的自轉》，作者 Vishal Sharma，來自印度。這幅延時攝影作品精美地展示了木星的自轉，以及畫面右側經過的兩顆伽利略衛星。木星自轉一圈只需不到 10 個小時，我們可以看到大紅斑從左向右移動。在這短短的時間內，兩顆衛星明顯沿著它們的軌道前進了一段距離。這張照片是 2020 年在印度北部拍攝的。
Credit: Vishal Sharma/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons

The planet Jupiter, seen here as a bright disk, is orbited by the four Galilean moons, seen here as bright dots

Jupiter Moons Movie2, by Nicolas Hurez, Paul-Antoine Matrangolo, and Carl Pennypacker, United States of America

Caption: Second place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Galilean moons. This sequence shows the orbit of the four Galilean moons around the planet Jupiter. Almost two entire orbits of the innermost moon, Io, can be seen, with the other moons (Europa and Ganymede, but in particular Callisto) being further away, orbiting noticeably slower. The images were obtained in 2018 with the Las Cumbres Global Observatory at different locations on Earth, allowing a continuous sequence of images over approximately half a week without gaps during the day. With clear skies and over the course of several nights, the motion of the Galilean moons can also be observed with binoculars (ideally steady your elbows on a surface).
Credit: Nicolas Hurez, Paul-Antoine Matrangolo and Carl Pennypacker/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons

Jupiter with coloured horizontal bands of clouds. The shadow of the moon Io is seen as a dark circle in the top left

Jupiter, Io and its shadow, by Ralf Burkart, Germany

Caption: First place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Galilean moons. This time-lapse of Jupiter taken in 2017 from Germany beautifully illustrates the transit of one of the Galilean moons, Io, in front of Jupiter. As this is simply a moon casting a shadow on a planet it is equivalent to a lunar eclipse on Earth observed from further away. While the shadow of the moon is clearly visible from the beginning, it might be difficult to spot the moon itself against the background of the beautiful atmospheric bands of Jupiter the first time the video is seen. Watching it repeatedly allows appreciating the rapid motion and rotation in this fantastic observation.
Credit: Ralf Burkart/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons

Jupiter

Caption: This full disk view of Jupiter was obtained on 21 April 2014 with Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). It shows the prominent great red spot, a gigantic cyclone. Cloud ribbons cover the surface, whose colours stem from gases like ammonia and other chemical compounds.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Simon (Goddard Space Flight Center) credit link

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Saturn

Caption: The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 observed Saturn on 20 June 2019 as the planet made its closest approach to Earth this year, at approximately 1.36 billion kilometres away. The image shows coloured bands of gas on the planet's surface as well as its prominent rings made of ice and rocky material.
Credit: NASA, ESA, A. Simon (Goddard Space Flight Center), and M.H. Wong (University of California, Berkeley) credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons

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