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词条 太阳黑子

描述: 太阳黑子是由于太阳光球层中的强磁场引起的暂时性冷区。太阳黑子是磁通管从太阳深处涌出的区域。强磁场增加了这些区域的磁压力。为了保持与周围环境相同的压力,太阳黑子中的气体和等离子体压力必须下降,这就使其温度低于周围环境。由于太阳黑子比周围的光球温度低,因此可以通过望远镜看到太阳黑子,是太阳表面的暗斑/斑点。太阳黑子的大小从几十公里到十几万公里不等。持续时间从几天到几个月不等。太阳黑子的数量和位置随太阳周期而变化。其他恒星也被认为有由其磁场引起的黑子。

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The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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图片展示了太阳表面成群的太阳黑子,这些黑斑呈带状分布在太阳赤道的上方和下方

太阳黑子

图注: 在这张图片中,太阳在2012年7月至8月的近九天里布满了成群的太阳黑子。这张图片中看到的太阳黑子是太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射(CME)的源头。特别是,在这张图片中,太阳正接近其周期(太阳周期)中的太阳活动最大值,我们可以看到许多黑子沿着太阳赤道形成。这些太阳黑子和活动出现在太阳的南半球,在此之前,大部分活动都发生在北半球。
来源: NASA/SDO/HMI 来源链接

License: PD 公共领域 图标


A dark, roughly circular, black sunspot sends dark fingers out into the bright orange surroundings

Close-up view of a sunspot

图注: This image of a sunspot was taken by the Daniel K Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), operated by the U.S. National Science Foundation. It was taken only in light with a wavelength of 530 nanometers, within the greenish-yellow part of the visible spectrum. The picture reveals the detail of the spot's structure and the Sun’s photosphere. The dark central region, known as the umbra, is surrounded by a lighter area called the penumbra with radially elongated features stretching towards the umbra. Note that the umbra and penumbra here are not the same as the umbra and penumbra that occur during an eclipse. The sunspot measures approximately 5000 kilometres in diameter, roughly equivalent to the east-west span of China. While the umbra appears black, it is actually hot and bright. It only appears dark because it is a few thousand kelvin cooler than the surrounding solar photosphere. Surrounding the sunspot, granulation patterns of plasma are visible on the photospheric surface of the Sun.
来源: NSO/NSF/AURA 来源链接

License: CC-BY-4.0 知识共享许可协议 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) 图标

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License: CC-BY-4.0 知识共享许可协议 署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) 图标
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