词条引力透镜

描述: 有质量的物体会使经过其引力影响范围附近的光线发生弯曲。爱因斯坦的广义相对论预言了这种效应，并在 1919 年日食期间首次被观测到，测量发现太阳附近几颗恒星发出的星光发生了弯曲。引力透镜作用在质量非常大的物体上最为明显，如星系或星系团。如果地球上的观测者正在观测一个光线被（"透镜"）弯曲的遥远天体，这个天体的成像会出现扭曲。这种扭曲总是意味着光线的（缩小）放大，通常能让我们更好地看到暗淡的背景天体。当透镜有足够的质量集中在一个小角度区域时，同一背景物体就会产生多个图像，每个图像的光线到达观察者的时间都不同。测量这些所谓的 "时间延迟 "是确定银河系外哈勃常数值的最佳方法之一。另一方面，来自透镜的多幅图像可以让我们利用建模分析精确地确定其质量。这是一种非常有用的方法，可以用来寻找星系的质量，特别是星系团的质量。

相关词条

用其他语言查看该词条

词条和定义状态： 该术语的英文原始定义已通过天文研究人员和教师的审核
该术语及其定义的译文仍待审核

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

If you notice a factual or translation error in this glossary term or definition then please get in touch.

其他语言版本

阿拉伯语: عدسة الجاذبية
德语: Gravitationslinse
英语: Gravitational Lens
法语: Lentille gravitationnelle
北印度语: गुरुत्वाकर्षण लेंस
意大利语: Lente gravitazionale
日语: 重力レンズ (外部链接)
马拉地语: गुरुत्वीय भिंग (ग्रॅव्हिटेशनल लेन्सिंग)
繁体中文: 引力透鏡

相关媒体

引力透镜放大了一颗早期恒星

图注： 这幅图像放大了一颗在宇宙诞生后最初十亿年内形成的恒星（红移为 6.2）。哈勃太空望远镜利用一种叫做引力透镜的技术探测到了这道光。在观测者和被成像的恒星之间有一个巨大的星系团，这就导致了母星系扭曲变形的图像，并揭示了它的特征。
来源： NASA, ESA, B. Welch (JHU), D. Coe (STScI), A. Pagan (STScI) 来源链接

License: CC-BY-4.0 知识共享许可协议署名 4.0 国际 (CC BY 4.0) 图标

Hubble image of the "happy face" galaxy cluster with bright galaxies forming eyes and arcs due to gravitational lensing.

The Happy Face of Gravitational Lensing

图注： Captured by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, this image showcases the galaxy cluster SDSS J1038+4849, affectionately dubbed the "happy face" cluster due to its striking resemblance to a smiling face. The two bright galaxies at the center resemble orange eyes, while the arcs surrounding them form the illusion of a smile. These arcs are actually a result of strong gravitational lensing, a phenomenon where the cluster's immense gravitational pull distorts and magnifies light from background objects. This particular case of gravitational lensing has produced an Einstein Ring, a ring-like structure formed by the precise alignment of the source, lens, and observer. By studying these gravitational lenses, astronomers gain insights into the properties of massive galaxies, allowing for a deeper understanding of the early Universe.
来源： NASA/ESA 来源链接

License: PD 公共领域图标