Glossarbegriffe: Spiralgalaxie
Description: Spiralgalaxien sind Galaxien mit Spiralarmen: Das sind Regionen mit höherer Dichte, die sich aufgrund der Rotation einer Galaxie bilden und in denen sich Gas und Staub zusammenballen und neue Sterne entstehen. Die meisten Spiralgalaxien sind Scheibengalaxien, daher werden die Bezeichnungen manchmal synonym verwendet. Die meisten Spiralgalaxien haben einen dichten Zentralbereich (Bulge), und viele (einschließlich der Milchstraße) haben einen zentralen Balken. Spiralgalaxien werden von elliptischen, linsenförmigen, irregulären Galaxien sowie von Zwerggalaxien unterschieden (obwohl es auch Zwergspiralgalaxien gibt).
Zugehörige Glossarbegriffe:
- Scheibengalaxie
- Staub
- Zwerggalaxie
- Elliptische Galaxie
- Galaxie
- Gas
- Milchstraße
- Galaktischer Balken
- Linsenförmige Galaxie
See this term in other languages
Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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In Other Languages
- Arabisch: المجرة الحلزونية
- Englisch: Spiral Galaxy
- Französisch: Galaxie spirale
- Italienisch: Galassia a spirale
- Japanisch: 渦巻銀河 (external link)
- Koreanisch: 나선은하
- Vereinfachtes Chinesisch: 漩涡星系
- Traditionelles Chinesisch: 漩渦星系
Zugehörige Medien
Verschmelzung von Spiralgalaxien
Bildunterschriften: Dieses Bild zeigt zwei wechselwirkende Spiralgalaxien in einer Entfernung von etwa 150 Millionen Lichtjahren. An diesem Tanz sind zwei Spiralgalaxien beteiligt, deren gegenseitige Anziehungskraft sichtbare Verzerrungen in ihren Spiralarmen erzeugt. Was auf diesem Bild als Umarmung beginnt, wird in der Verschmelzung dieser beiden Galaxien zu einer einzigen, wahrscheinlich elliptischen, Galaxie enden.
Bildnachweis: ESO
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License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Ein Bild der Andromeda-Galaxie im sichtbaren Licht
Bildunterschriften: Die Andromedagalaxie im sichtbaren Licht betrachtet. Wie unsere Milchstraße ist auch Andromeda eine Balkenspiralgalaxie. Hier können wir ihren hellen Kern und ihre Spiralscheibe sehen. Das Leuchten der Sterne in der Scheibe wird durch Staubbahnen unterbrochen, die Teil der Spiralstruktur sind.
Andromeda ist die größte Galaxie der Lokalen Gruppe von Galaxien, zu der auch die Milchstraße gehört.
Links vom Kern und direkt oberhalb der Scheibe sehen wir die Zwerggalaxie M32 und rechts und unterhalb der Scheibe die Zwerggalaxie M110. Dies sind beides Satellitengalaxien der Andromedagalaxie.
Bildnachweis: Torben Hansen
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License: CC-BY-2.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 2.0 Generic icons
Related Diagrams
Leo Constellation Map
Bildunterschriften: The zodiac constellation Leo and its surrounding constellations. Starting from the top of the diagram and going clockwise, these are Leo Minor, Cancer, Sextans, Hydra, Crater, Virgo and Ursa Major. The brightest star in Leo, Regulus, lies almost exactly on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line): the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun spends the period from mid August to mid September in Leo. The other planets in the Solar System can often be found in Leo.
Leo spans the celestial equator and is thus part of it is visible at some time in the year from all of planet Earth with some of the constellation obscured for the most arctic and antarctic regions of the world. Leo is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn.
Several objects can be seen in Leo, including M65 and M66 – two galaxies in the Leo Triplet, a trio of galaxies including NGC 3628, not listed here. In addition, M96, a spiral galaxy, can be seen as a fuzzy object using a small telescope, and Messier 105, an elliptical galaxy. Each of these objects are labelled on the map as red ellipses.
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labelled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Bildnachweis: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Jungfrau-Sternenkarte
Bildunterschriften: Das Tierkreissternbild Jungfrau und die umliegenden Sternbilder. Von oben nach unten im Uhrzeigersinn sind dies das Haar Der Berenike, Löwe, Becher, Rabe, Waage und Bärenhüter. Der hellste Stern in der Jungfrau, Spica, liegt knapp unterhalb der Ekliptik (hier als blaue Linie dargestellt) in der Mitte der Karte. Eine Möglichkeit, diesen Stern am Nachthimmel ausfindig zu machen, besteht darin, dem Henkel des Großen Wagens bis zum Stern Arkturus im Bärenhüter zu folgen und dann auf einer geraden Linie hinunter zu Spica zu gehen ("Bogen zu Arkturus und Spitze zu Spica"). Dieser Stern liegt knapp unterhalb der Ekliptik. Die Ekliptik ist der Weg, den die Sonne im Laufe eines Jahres über den Himmel zu nehmen scheint. Die Sonne befindet sich von Mitte September bis Ende Oktober in der Jungfrau. Die anderen Planeten des Sonnensystems sind oft in der Jungfrau zu finden.
Die Jungfrau erstreckt sich über den Himmelsäquator und ist daher im Laufe des Jahres irgendwann von der gesamten Erde aus sichtbar, wobei ein Teil des Sternbilds in den arktischen und antarktischen Regionen der Welt verdeckt ist. Die Jungfrau ist am besten abends im Frühling auf der Nordhalbkugel und im Herbst auf der Südhalbkugel sichtbar.
Das Sternbild Jungfrau erscheint als eine Person, die mit dem Rücken zur Ekliptik liegt, die Arme ausgestreckt hat und deren Füße nach Osten zeigen. In der Jungfrau sind mehrere Deep-Sky-Objekte zu sehen, darunter NGC4697, M49, M87, M86, M84 und M60, die alle auf der Karte als rote Ellipsen gekennzeichnet sind. Dies sind alles Spiral- und elliptische Galaxien, die mehrere Millionen Lichtjahre von der Erde entfernt sind. Vor allem M87 beherbergt das supermassereiche Schwarze Loch (Pōwehi), das 2019 mit dem Event Horizon Telescope aufgenommen wurde. Alle diese Galaxien gehören zum Virgo-Galaxienhaufen, dem der Milchstraße am nächsten gelegenen Galaxienhaufen.
Die y-Achse dieses Diagramms ist in Deklinationsgraden mit Norden nach oben und die x-Achse ist in Rektaszensionsstunden mit Osten nach links. Die Größe der hier markierten Sterne bezieht sich auf die scheinbare Helligkeit des Sterns. Je größer der Punkt, desto heller scheint der Stern den er darstellt. Die griechischen Buchstaben kennzeichnen die hellsten Sterne des Sternbildes. Diese sind nach ihrer Helligkeit geordnet, wobei der hellste Stern mit Alpha, der zweithellste mit Beta usw. bezeichnet wird, obwohl diese Reihenfolge nicht immer genau eingehalten wird. Die gepunkteten Begrenzungslinien markieren die von der IAU festgelegten Grenzen der Sternbilder, und die durchgezogenen grünen Linien markieren eine der üblichen Formen, die zur Darstellung der Sternbilder verwendet werden. Weder die Sternbildgrenzen, noch die Linie, die die Ekliptik markiert, noch die Linien, die die Sterne verbinden, sind am Himmel sichtbar.
Bildnachweis: Angepasst vom IAU Office of Astronomy for Education nach dem Original von IAU/Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Ursa Major Constellation Map
Bildunterschriften: The constellation Ursa Major along with its bright stars and its surrounding constellations. Ursa Major is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Draco, Camelopardalis, Lynx, Leo Minor, Leo, Coma Berenices, Canes Venatici and Boötes. Ursa Major is famous for the prominent asterism often known in English as the Big Dipper or the Plough. This prominent northern asterism has a wide variety of names from cultures across the world. While most constellations and asterisms are made up of unrelated stars that randomly appear close together on the sky, five of the stars in the Big Dipper are part of the Ursa Major Moving Group, a group of stars moving through space together that likely formed in the same location 300 million years ago. The two stars on the right-hand end of the Big Dipper on this diagram form a pair of pointer stars that can be used to locate Polaris, the northern pole star which lies in the constellation of Ursa Minor.
Ursa Major is a northern constellation and is visible from northern and equatorial regions. Parts of the constellation are visible from all but the most antarctic parts of the southern hemisphere but not all temperate regions of the southern hemisphere can see all of the Big Dipper. Conversely the Big Dipper and much of the rest of the constellation are circumpolar in arctic and many temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Ursa Major is most visible in the evening in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn.
Two prominent galaxies appear in the northern part of this constellation, the spiral galaxy M81 and M82, a possible spiral galaxy whose structure is difficult to observe from the Earth as it appears edge-on. Both are shown here as red ellipses. The planetary nebula M97 (the Owl Nebula) lies in the middle of the constellation and is marked by a green circle superimposed on a plus symbol.
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Bildnachweis: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Camelopardalis Constellation Map
Bildunterschriften: The constellation Camelopardalis with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Camelopardalis is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Cepheus, Cassiopea, Perseus, Auriga, Lynx, Ursa Major, Draco and Ursa Minor. Camelopardalis is a large constellation but contains relatively few bright stars.
Camelopardalis is a northern constellation and as such the whole constellation is visible for the whole northern hemisphere at some point in the year. It is also visible from equatorial parts of the southern hemisphere with some parts visible to temperate southern regions. The whole constellation is circumpolar for all arctic and more northerly temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Camelopardalis is best viewed in the evening in the late northern hemisphere winter and late southern hemisphere summer.
The spiral galaxies NGC 2403 and IC 342 lie in Camelopardalis and are marked here with red ellipses.
This diagram maps an area around the north celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. Some of the lines of constant declination are marked on the y-axis. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Bildnachweis: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Cepheus Constellation Map
Bildunterschriften: The constellation Cepheus along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Cepheus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, Draco, Cygnus, Lacerta and Cassiopeia. Cepheus is a large constellation. Its most notable star is Delta Cephei, the prototype for the class of variable stars known as Cepheid variables. These are variable stars which can be used to estimate distances both within our galaxy and to nearby galaxies.
Cepheus lies close to the north celestial pole. As such it is circumpolar for arctic and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The whole of the constellation is also visible at some point in the year in equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of it visible in equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere. It is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere late autumn and southern hemisphere late spring.
The open cluster NGC 188 lies in Cepheus and is marked here with a yellow circle. The nebula NGC 7023 also lies in the constellation and is marked with a green square. The red ellipse in the lower right marks the position of the spiral galaxy NGC 6946.
This diagram maps an area around the north celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. Some of the lines of constant declination are marked on the y-axis. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. Delta Cephei is marked with a circle around a dot as it is a variable star. Mu Cephei is also a variable star marked here as an open circle. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Bildnachweis: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
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