词条 航天器
描述: 航天器是为在外太空旅行而建造的飞行器。通常是通过某种火箭发动机推进，向一个方向喷射气体或等离子体，以向反方向加速。不载人的航天器称为非载人航天器或机器人航天器，例如用于探索的各种卫星、太空望远镜或太空探测器。另一方面，载人航天器需要为其乘员提供生存条件，例如大气增压、辐射防护和温度调节。可以返回地球的航天器称为可回收航天器；回收后可以再次发射的航天器称为可重复使用航天器。旨在提供长期基地（如在地球轨道上）的航天器称为空间站。
相关词条
用其他语言查看该词条
词条和定义状态： 该术语的英文原始定义已通过天文研究人员和教师的审核 该术语及其定义的译文仍待审核
OAE多语言词汇表是由国际天文学联合会（IAU） 天文教育办公室（OAE） 和 国际天文学联合会（IAU） 天文推广办公室（OAO）合作的项目。. 术语和定义由 OAE中心, OAE 国家天文教育协调员（NAECs） 以及其他志愿者共同选择、撰写和审阅。您可以在 找到完整的致谢列表。所有词汇表术语及其定义均根据 Creative Commons CC BY-4.0许可证发布 且版权归属于 “IAU OAE”。
如果您发现此词汇术语或定义中的事实或翻译错误， 请向 发邮件 联系.
其他语言版本
- 阿拉伯语: المركبة الفضائية
- 德语: Raumschiff
- 英语: Spacecraft
- 西班牙语: Nave espacial
- 法语: Vaisseau spatial
- 意大利语: Veicolo spaziale
- 巴西葡萄牙语: Espaçonave
- 繁体中文: 航天器
相关媒体
SpaceX“龙”载人飞船
图注： SpaceX 的“龙”载人飞船是造访国际空间站（ISS）的第一艘商业载人飞船。图为“龙”载人飞船在接近国际空间站“和谐号”舱时打开了前锥，露出对接装置。
来源： 美国国家航空航天局
License: PD 公共领域 图标
Space debris orbiting the Earth
图注： This animation shows objects orbiting the Earth. The data date from February 2024 and are taken from space-track.org which maintains a public catalogue of objects tracked by the United States Space Command (USSPACECOM).
At first in this video we see green dots, each representing one of the 31,000 human-made objects orbiting Earth. These include both operational and decommissioned satellites, used rocket stages from space launches, and fragments larger than 10cm created by collisions or explosions. Later in the video, some of the green dots are replace by orange dots, each of these representing one of the 9,300 operational satellites orbiting the Earth. Note that since February 2024 more satellites and rockets have been launched in to space and some objects will have fallen back to Earth, so these numbers will have changed.
We see two main groups of objects. The first are those objects orbiting close to the Earth, objects in low Earth orbit. These include communication satellites (many from the satellite constellations used to provide satellite internet services), Earth observation satellites, military satellites, two operational space stations and other objects such as rocket stages and other debris.
More distant from Earth we see a thin ring of satellites. These are in geostationary orbit. This is a special orbit where the orbital period matches the rotation period of the Earth. This means that a satellite in geostationary orbit stays above the same point on the equator and, when observed from the side of the Earth facing the satellite, will appear to stay at a position on the sky that does not change over time. Because of this, geostationary orbit is used by many communications satellites as a satellite dish on Earth used to receive or transmit a signal to that satellite can point in a fixed direction and does not need to dynamically track the satellite. Geostationary orbit is also used by weather observation satellites.
来源： NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio
来源链接
License: PD 公共领域 图标
