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Terme du glossaire : Intelligence extraterrestre

Description : L'intelligence extraterrestre fait référence à l'existence possible d'entités intelligentes autres que celles présentes sur Terre.

La recherche d'une intelligence extraterrestre a inclus la recherche de signaux radio ou autres, mais une grande partie de la recherche actuelle est centrée sur la détermination des conditions nécessaires à l'apparition d'une vie intelligente ailleurs. Les conditions nécessaires à l'émergence de la vie sur Terre sont les suivantes : une planète solide, à une distance de son étoile où de l'eau liquide peut exister à la surface de la planète, la présence d'atomes comme le carbone et l'oxygène, et les conditions nécessaires à la formation de molécules plus complexes. D'après les données disponibles, ces conditions devraient exister sur de nombreuses autres planètes dans notre galaxie et au-delà. Il n'est pas déraisonnable de supposer qu'une vie intelligente ait pu apparaître au moins sur certaines de ces planètes, bien que nous ne disposions d'aucune base solide pour estimer la probabilité que cela se produise.

Certains astronomes ont utilisé des signaux radio pour rechercher d'éventuels messages dans le cadre de la recherche d'une intelligence extraterrestre (SETI). La vitesse de la lumière étant une limite physique fondamentale, les voyages interstellaires dureraient très longtemps, ce qui limiterait notre capacité à entrer en contact direct avec des intelligences extraterrestres.

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Statut du terme et de sa définition : La définition initiale de ce terme en anglais a été aprouvée par un·e spécialiste de la recherche en astronomie et un·e spécialiste de l’éducation
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The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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Media associé


An array of colored pixels showing graphics including a double helix and a stick figure drawing of a human

Arecibo Message

Légende : This image shows a representation of an interstellar radio message, known as the “Arecibo Message”. As part of this visualisation different parts are highlighted by different colors. It was sent on the 16th of November in 1974 from the Arecibo Telescope in Puerto Rico, at this time the largest radio telescope on Earth, on the 16th of November in 1974. Its destination was the globular cluster M13 in the constellation of Hercules. M13 is one of the brightest of its kind, contains about half a million stars and is located at a distance of approximately 25 000 light years. It was chosen as a target because of its dense stellar population, meaning the message would reach more stars and hopefully planets. Moreover, it is one of the nearer globular clusters available in the sky at the time and place when the message was sent. The Arecibo Message was a symbolic event, intended to show that humans could broadcast a message to the stars. The message contains 1679 (chosen as it is the product of two prime numbers) bits of data which, when arrange in a two dimensional array, form the image shown here. It consists of seven parts which contain representations of DNA, a human, and information on the Earth and Solar System. The message content was designed by a group of scientists from Cornell University and the Arecibo Observatory.
Crédit : Arne Nordmann (wikicommons user norro) Lien vers les crédits

License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Creative Commons (CC) Attribution - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 3.0 non transposé Icônes


Gold plaque with drawings of a man & woman,  Pioneer spacecraft, solar system, a hydrogen atom and lines converging on Earth

Pioneer Plaques

Légende : The Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft are the first human-made objects to leave the solar system and venture into interstellar space. To inform potentially intelligent species about our existence, they both carry small metal plaques identifying their time, place of origin and information about their builders. They provide the location of our solar system in the Milky Way by depicting the Solar System's position relative to 14 pulsars, with radiating lines that include information about their frequencies. A model of a hydrogen atom undergoing one particular atomic transition is depicted. The wavelength and frequency of this transition are used to express sizes and frequencies of the other items shown in the plaque. A more detailed view of Earth's position in the solar system, with the spacecraft's trajectory moving away from Earth, passing Mars and Jupiter is displayed at the bottom. The plaque also depicts a naked man and woman alongside the spacecraft to provide a sense of scale. The man’s hand is raised as a friendly gesture. The 6-inch by 9-inch gold-anodized aluminum plate has the design engraved on it. It was attached to the support struts of the spacecraft's antenna to try to to protect it from erosion by any interstellar dust the spacecraft may encounter on its journey. Designed by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, with artwork by Linda Salzman Sagan, these plaques are meant to communicate the origin of the spacecraft to any extraterrestrial life that might encounter them. While Pioneer 10 is on a course towards the star Aldebaran in the Taurus constellation, which will take about two million years to reach, Pioneer 11 is heading in a different direction towards the constellation of Aquila. It will take approximately four million years to pass close to some of the constellation’s stars.
Crédit : NASA Ames Lien vers les crédits

License: PD Domaine Public Icônes

Activités associées


Identikit of an alien

Identikit of an alien

astroEDU educational activity (links to astroEDU website)
Description: Let's build the identikit of an alien living on a distant exoplanet!

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons (CC) Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Icônes
Tranches d'âge : 8-10 , 10-12 , 12-14
Niveau scolaire : Collège , Primaire
Domaines d'apprentissage : Débat , Apprentissage par découverte guidée , Basée sur l'observation , Apprentissage par enquête
Coûts : Faible
Durée : 3h
Taille du groupe : Par groupe
Compétences : Analyser et interpréter des données , Poser des questions , Construire des explications