Término del glosario: Sirio
Descripción: Sirio, también conocida como la Estrella del Perro o Alfa Canis Maioris, es la estrella que nos parece más brillante en el cielo nocturno. Se encuentra a una distancia de 8.6 años luz de nosotros, en la constelación de Canis Maior, cerca de Orión. La estrella brillante que vemos es Sirio A, una estrella de tipo espectral A. Sirio A tiene una compañera ligada gravitacionalmente, Sirio B, que es una estrella enana blanca muy tenue en la luz visible, pero muy brillante en rayos X. Sirio B es demasiado tenue y está demasiado cerca de Sirio A como para poder verse a simple vista.
Términos relacionados:
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Estado del término y la definición: La definición original de este término en inglés ha sido aprobada por unastrónomo o astrónoma investigadora y un docente La traducción de este término y su definición aún están pendientes de aprobación
El Glosario multilingüe de la OAE es un proyecto de la Oficina de Astronomía para la Educación de la UAI (OAE) en colaboración con la Oficina de Divulgación de Astronomía de la UAI (OAO). Los términos y definiciones fueron seleccionados, redactados y revisados gracias al esfuerzo colectivo de la OAE, los Centros y Nodos de la OAE, los Coordinadores Nacionales de Educación Astronómica (NAECs) y otros voluntarios. Puedes encontrar una lista completa de créditos aquí. Todos los términos del glosario y sus definiciones se publican bajo licencia Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 y deben atribuirse a "IAU OAE".
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Contenidos relacionados
Winter Constellations
Pie de foto: Second place in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Time lapses of celestial patterns.
Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, is shown rising, setting and passing by. Sometimes constellations and asterisms are also visible, including Orion, Taurus and the Pleiades. In the first scene, the aforementioned constellations are covered by a semi-transparent golden veil. The next scenes show it rising in a dark blue night sky. In one of the scenes, a planet brightly decorates the faint constellation Pisces.
The videos were taken above various landscapes and places of cultural heritage on Earth. Some of them simply show monuments in the desert, while others show palm trees with waving leaves.
Crédito: Amirreza Kamkar/IAU OAE
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) íconos
Sirius A with his faint white dwarf companion Sirius B
Pie de foto: This Hubble Space Telescope image highlights Sirius, the brightest star in Earth’s night sky, appearing as an intensely luminous object at the center with prominent cross-shaped diffraction spikes. These spikes, along with the saturated glow around the main star, are caused by the Sirius' light being spread out by the telescope and camera used to make this image. Slightly below and to the left of the main star, a tiny point of light marks Sirius B, a much dimmer object captured thanks to Hubble’s high sensitivity.
Sirius A is an A-type star, known for its high surface temperature and strong white-blue light, while Sirius B is a compact white dwarf, the dense remnant of a star that has exhausted its nuclear fuel. Together, they form a well-known Binary star system located about 8.6 light-years from Earth.
Sirius B was originally a higher mass and brighter star that burned through its hydrogen fuel more quickly than Sirius A. This led to Sirius B evolving into a red giant and eventually ending its life as a planetary nebula, leaving only the remains of its core as a white dwarf orbiting Sirius A.
Crédito: NASA, ESA, H. Bond (STScI), and M. Barstow (University of Leicester)
enlace de crédito
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) íconos
Diagramas relacionados
Canis Major Constellation Map
Pie de foto: The constellation Canis Major along with its bright stars and its surrounding constellations. Canis Major is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Monoceros, Lepus, Columba and Puppis. The constellation is dominated by Sirius, the star which appears brightest in the night sky, which far outshines all of the other stars in the constellation.
Canis Major lies just south of the celestial equator and is visible from all of the southern hemisphere as well as equatorial and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Sirius is visible from all but the most arctic regions. Canis Major is most visible in the evenings in late winter in the northern hemisphere and late summer in the southern hemisphere.
The open star clusters M41, NGC 2360 and NGC 2362 lie in the constellation. These are marked with yellow circles.
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Crédito: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) íconos
