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Glossarbegriffe: Riesenplanet

Description: Ein Riesenplanet ist ein großer Planet, der hauptsächlich aus Wasserstoff, Helium oder komplexeren Molekülen wie Wasser, Methan oder Ammoniak besteht. Während ein Gesteinsplanet hauptsächlich aus Material mit einem sehr hohen Siedepunkt wie Eisen oder Gestein besteht, geht man davon aus, dass Riesenplaneten einen festen Kern haben, der von anderem Material umgeben ist. Die Masse eines Riesenplaneten ist wesentlich größer als die der Erde, sodass seine Schwerkraft stark genug ist, um die ausgedehnte gasförmige Atmosphäre aus leichten Elementen wie Wasserstoff und Helium zu halten.

Riesenplaneten lassen sich in zwei Kategorien einteilen: Gasriesen, die hauptsächlich aus Wasserstoff und Helium bestehen, sowie Eisriesen, die hauptsächlich aus Wasser, Methan und Ammoniak bestehen und eine Atmosphäre aus Wasserstoff und Helium haben. In beiden Fällen können die Bezeichnungen verwirrend sein, da das meiste Material in Gasriesen nicht in gasförmigem Zustand ist und Eisriesen kein festes Eis enthalten, sondern Materie, die im kalten äußeren Sonnensystem im gefrorenen Zustand war, bevor sie von den Eisriesen angesammelt wurde.

Die vier größten Planeten im Sonnensystem (Jupiter, Saturn, Neptun und Uranus) sind alle Riesenplaneten.

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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The planet Jupiter with horizontal cloud ribbons and the great red spot

Jupiter

Bildunterschriften: This full disk view of Jupiter was obtained on 21 April 2014 with Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). It shows the prominent great red spot, a gigantic cyclone. Cloud ribbons cover the surface, whose colours stem from gases like ammonia and other chemical compounds.
Bildnachweis: NASA, ESA, and A. Simon (Goddard Space Flight Center) credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons


The planet Saturn with pale brownish cloud ribbons and its thin and extended greyish rings

Saturn

Bildunterschriften: The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 observed Saturn on 20 June 2019 as the planet made its closest approach to Earth this year, at approximately 1.36 billion kilometres away. The image shows coloured bands of gas on the planet's surface as well as its prominent rings made of ice and rocky material.
Bildnachweis: NASA, ESA, A. Simon (Goddard Space Flight Center), and M.H. Wong (University of California, Berkeley) credit link

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons


Uranus showing a uniformly greenish-blue coloured appearance

Uranus in natural colours

Bildunterschriften: This is an image of the planet Uranus taken by the spacecraft Voyager 2 in 1986. Its appearance is close to what the naked eye would see. The greenish-blue colour indicates an atmosphere containing methane.
Bildnachweis: NASA/JPL-Caltech credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons


Uranus appears as a light blue disk with and a pale polar region. Thin white rings surround the planet

Uranus with rings

Bildunterschriften: The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope’s ACS/HRC camera observed Uranus in August 2005. The surface depicts white clouds and a bright polar region. The rings around Uranus are narrow and contain rocky material from tiny dust particles up to metre-sized boulders.
Bildnachweis: NASA, ESA, and M. Showalter (SETI Institute) credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons


Neptune is spherical and blue with thin bands of white cloud and a slightly darker spot just below its equator

Neptune

Bildunterschriften: Voyager 2 Narrow Angle Camera image of Neptune taken in August 1989. The Great Dark Spot, flanked by cirrus clouds, is at center. A smaller dark storm, Dark Spot Jr., is rotating into view at bottom left. Additionally, a patch of white cirrus clouds to its north, named "Scooter" for its rapid motion relative to other features, is visible.
Bildnachweis: NASA / JPL / Voyager-ISS / Justin Cowart credit link

License: PD Public Domain icons