词条 核子
描述: 我们周围的所有物质都是由原子构成的,而所有原子都具有相同的基本结构:一个微小而致密的原子核,它承载着几乎所有的原子质量,而它周围则环绕着电子。原子核的主要成分是质子和中子,它们统称为核子。
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相关图表
Nucleon
图注: A nucleon is a constituent of an atomic nucleus. For normal matter, nucleons can be either protons or neutrons. The number of nucleons defines the mass number of a nucleus while the number of protons defines the atomic number. Atomic nuclei of a particular chemical element all have the same atomic number but can have different mass numbers. Nuclei with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are known as isotopes. Most elements have more than one isotope that occurs in nature although a few only have one isotope that is stable over long periods of time.
This diagram shows the nuclei of isotopes of the first six chemical elements (from left to right: hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron and carbon). Beside each chemical element symbol are two numbers. The upper number is the mass number, the number of nucleons. The lower number for each is the atomic number, the number of protons.
来源: Maria Cristina Fortuna/IAU OAE



