Glossarbegriffe: Kugelsternhaufen
Description: Ein Kugelsternhaufen ist eine kugelförmige und dicht gepackte Gruppe von Sternen, die durch die Schwerkraft aneinander gebunden und über Milliarden von Jahren stabil ist. In der Milchstraße bestehen Kugelsternhaufen nur aus sehr alten Sternen, im Allgemeinen im Alter von 11-13 Milliarden Jahren. Kugelsternhaufen sind einige der ältesten Objekte in der Milchstraße. Bei den meisten Kugelsternhaufen haben sich die Sterne, aus denen sie bestehen, ungefähr zur gleichen Zeit gebildet, obwohl einige wenige Kugelsternhaufen Anzeichen für mehrere Generationen von Sternen aufweisen. In der Milchstraße gibt es etwa 160 Kugelsternhaufen (die meisten davon in ihrem Halo), während riesige elliptische Galaxien viele Tausende haben können.
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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In Other Languages
- Arabisch: العنقود النجمي الكروي
- Englisch: Globular Cluster
- Französisch: Amas globulaire
- Italienisch: Ammasso globulare
- Japanisch: 球状星団 (external link)
- Brasilianisches Portugiesisch: Aglomerado Globular
- Vereinfachtes Chinesisch: 球状星团
- Traditionelles Chinesisch: 球狀星團
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Sterne in Kugelsternhaufen in der Nähe des Herzens der Milchstraße
Bildunterschriften: Diese Aufnahme des Hubble-Weltraumteleskops eröffnet einen Blick auf das Innere des dicht gepackten Kugelsternhaufens Terzan 9, der aus Millionen von Sternen besteht und sich in der Nähe des Herzens unserer Milchstraßengalaxie befindet. Dieser Kugelsternhaufen befindet sich im zentralen galaktischen Bulge inmitten von interstellarem Staub, der das Licht dieses Sternhaufens verdeckt. Das Bild ist eine Kombination aus Licht im sichtbaren und infraroten Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums. Mithilfe solcher Multiwellenlängenaufnahmen der Farbe und Helligkeit von Sternen lässt sich ihr Alter – und damit auch das des gesamten Sternhaufens – bestimmen.
Bildnachweis: ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. Cohen
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License: PD Public Domain icons
Related Diagrams
Scorpius Constellation Map
Bildunterschriften: The constellation Scorpius (often commonly called Scorpio) along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Scorpius is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top) Ophiuchus, Serpens Caput, Libra, Lupus, Norma, Ara, Corona Australis and Sagittarius. Scorpius’s brightest star Antares appears in the heart of the constellation with the famous tail of Scoprius in the south-east (lower left). Scorpius lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun only spends a short amount of time in late November in Scorpius. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Scorpius.
Scorpius lies south of the celestial equator. The whole constellation is not visible from the most arctic regions of the world with parts of Scorpius obscured for observers in northern parts of Asia, Europe and North America. Scorpius is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter.
The yellow circles mark the positions of the open clusters M6, M7 & NGC 6231 while the yellow circles with plus signs superimposed on them mark the globular clusters M4 and M80.
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The circle around Antares indicates that it is a variable star. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line marks the ecliptic, the path the Sun appears to travel across the sky over the course of one year. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Bildnachweis: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Sagittarius Constellation Map
Bildunterschriften: The constellation Sagittarius along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Sagittarius is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top) Aquila, Scutum, Serpens Cauda, Ophiuchus, Scorpius, Corona Australis, Telescopium, Microscopium and Capricornus. The brighter stars in Sagittarius form a distinctive teapot shape. Sagittarius lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Sagittarius from mid December to mid January. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Sagittarius.
Sagittarius lies south of the celestial equator. The famous teapot asterism is visible for all but the most arctic regions of the world but the most southerly parts of the constellation are not visible in northern parts of Asia, Europe and North America. Sagittarius is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter.
The supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* which lies at the center of our Milky Way Galaxy is sits on the western (here right-hand) edge of Sagittarius. Due to it covering an area at the center of our Galaxy, Sagittarius is home to many star clusters including open clusters (marked here with yellow circles) and globular clusters (marked here with yellow circles with + signs superimposed on them). Three nebulae are also marked here with green squares.
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Bildnachweis: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Capricornus Constellation Map
Bildunterschriften: The constellation Capricornus (commonly called Capricorn) including its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Capricornus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top) Aquarius, Aquila, Sagittarius, Microscopium and Piscis Austrinus. Capricornus lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Capricornus from mid January to mid February. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Capricornus.
Capricornus lies just south of the celestial equator and is visible to all observers south of the Arctic Circle. Capricornus is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere autumn and southern hemisphere spring.
In the south east (lower left on this diagram) of the constellation one can find the globular cluster M30 (shown here as a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it).
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Bildnachweis: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Wassermann-Sternbildkarte
Bildunterschriften: Das Sternbild Wassermann mit seinen hellen Sternen und den umliegenden Sternbildern. Der Wassermann ist im Uhrzeigersinn von oben aus gehend umgeben von Pegasus, Fohlen, Adler, Steinbock, Südlicher Fisch, Bildhauer, Walfisch und Fische. Wassermann liegt auf der Ekliptik (hier als blaue Linie dargestellt), das ist der Weg, den die Sonne im Laufe eines Jahres über den Himmel zu nehmen scheint. Die Sonne befindet sich von Mitte Februar bis Mitte März im Wassermann. Auch die anderen Planeten des Sonnensystems sind oft im Wassermann zu finden.
Der Wassermann erstreckt sich über den Himmelsäquator und ist daher im Laufe des Jahres irgendwann einmal von der gesamten Erde aus sichtbar. In den arktischen oder antarktischen Regionen der Welt sind einige Teile des Sternbilds möglicherweise nicht sichtbar. Wassermann ist am besten abends im Herbst auf der Nordhalbkugel und im Frühling auf der Südhalbkugel sichtbar.
Die gelben Kreise mit überlagerten Pluszeichen markieren die Kugelsternhaufen M2 und M72. Die grünen Kreise mit überlagerten Plussymbolen markieren die planetarischen Nebel NGC 7293 (der Helixnebel) und NGC 7002 (der Saturnnebel). M73 (markiert mit einem x-Symbol) ist eine zufällige Gruppierung von Sternen, die früher fälschlicherweise als offener Sternhaufen klassifiziert wurde.
Die y-Achse dieses Diagramms ist in Deklinationsgraden mit Norden nach oben und die x-Achse in Rektaszensionsstunden mit Osten nach links angegeben. Die Größe der hier markierten Sterne bezieht sich auf die scheinbare Helligkeit des Sterns. Je größer die Punkte, desto heller scheinen die Sterne die sie darstellen. Die griechischen Buchstaben kennzeichnen die hellsten Sterne des Sternbildes. Diese sind nach Helligkeit geordnet, wobei der hellste Stern mit Alpha, der zweithellste mit Beta usw. bezeichnet wird, obwohl diese Reihenfolge nicht immer genau eingehalten wird. Die gepunkteten Begrenzungslinien markieren die IAU-Grenzen der Sternbilder und die durchgezogenen grünen Linien markieren eine der üblichen Formen, die zur Darstellung der Sternbilder verwendet werden. Weder die Sternbildgrenzen, noch die Linie, die die Ekliptik markiert, noch die Linien, die die Sterne verbinden, erscheinen so am Himmel.
Bildnachweis: Angepasst vom IAU Office of Astronomy for Education nach dem Original von IAU/Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Ophiuchus Constellation Map
Bildunterschriften: The constellation Ophiuchus along with its bright stars and its surrounding constellations. Ophiuchus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Hercules, Serpens Caput, Scorpius, Sagittarius and Serpens Cauda. Ophiuchus is not part of the traditional twelve zodiac constellations but it lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Ophiuchus from late November to mid December. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Ophiuchus.
Ophiuchus spans the celestial equator and thus part of the constellation is visible across the whole of the earth at some point in the year. However during the time it is most visible in the evenings (the southern hemisphere winter and northern hemisphere summer) much of the arctic is in perpetual daylight making the stars in the constellation impossible to see. The whole constellation is visible from equatorial and temperate regions of both hemispheres.
As Ophiuchus lies close to the galactic center it contains many globular clusters such as M9, M10, M12, M14, M19, M62, and M107. These are marked as yellow circles with plus symbols superimposed.
The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Bildnachweis: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
