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مصطلح في المعجم: الطور القمري

ويُعرف أيضًا باسم الطور القمري أو المرحلة القمرية
أُعيد التوجيه من الهلال المتناقص

الوصف: يشير طور القمر إلى موقعه في مداره حول الأرض. ويؤدي تغيير موقع القمر إلى تغيير شكل الجزء المضاء منه، المرئي من الأرض، على مدار شهر قمري واحد.
يكون نصف القمر دائمًا، باستثناء خسوفه، مضاءً بالشمس. على الأرض، نرى أجزاءً مختلفة من القمر مضاءة أثناء دورانه في مداره حولنا. يبدأ الشهر القمري وينتهي في نفس الطور. في طور صفر درجة، ويُسمى "القمر المحاق"، يكون القمر أقرب ما يكون إلى الشمس في ذلك المدار. في هذا الطور، يكون الجانب المضاء من القمر مواجهًا للأرض، ويبدو القمر مظلمًا. يزداد حجم الجزء المضاء تدريجيًا (طور التزايد) ليصبح هلالًا. يحدث طور التربيع الأول (عندما يبدو نصف القمر مضاءً، ويُعرف هذا بنصف القمر) عند 90 درجة من نقطة البداية. يستمر الجزء المضاء من القمر في الازدياد، ليصبح أحدبًا (محدبًا أو منتفخًا). يحدث البدر عند ١٨٠ درجة. بعد هذه النقطة، يبدأ شكله بالتناقص تدريجيًا (مرحلة التضاؤل)، مما يؤدي إلى قمر أحدب، ثم مرحلة التربيع الأخير (عندما يبدو نصف القمر مضاءً، ويُعرف هذا عادةً بنصف القمر) عند ٢٧٠ درجة من البداية، ويُسمى الهلال، وينتهي بهلال جديد عند ٣٦٠ درجة. على الرغم من أن نصف القمر يبدو مضاءً عند الطورين ٩٠ و٢٧٠ درجة، إلا أن الجانبين المعاكسان هما اللذان يضيئان.

مصطلحات ذات صلة:



اطّلع على هذا المصطلح بلغات أخرى

حالة المصطلح والتعريف: تمت الموافقة على التعريف الأصلي لهذا المصطلح باللغة الإنجليزية من قبل فلكي باحث ومعلم
ترجمة هذا المصطلح وتعريفه ما تزال بانتظار الموافقة

يُعد معجم OAE متعدد اللغات مشروعا تابعا لـ مكتب الاتحاد الفلكي الدولي لتعليم الفلك (OAE) بالتعاون مع مكتب الاتحاد الفلكي الدولي للتواصل الفلكي (OAO). تم اختيار وكتابة ومراجعة المصطلحات والتعاريف ضمن جهد جماعي من قبل OAE ومراكز وعُقد OAE، والمنسقين الوطنيين لتعليم الفلك (NAECs)، بالإضافة إلى متطوعين آخرين. يمكنك العثور على قائمة كاملة بالاعتمادات هنا. جميع المصطلحات والتعاريف الخاصة بالمعجم متاحة بموجب ترخيص Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 ويجب نسبها إلى "IAU OAE".

If you notice a factual or translation error in this glossary term or definition then please get in touch.

بلغات أخرى

وسائط ذات صلة


The nearly full Moon with craters, light highlands and dark plains

Full moon

الشرح: The image shows the nearly full Moon observed with a small telescope and a DSLR camera.
المصدر: Luc Viatour رابط المصدر

License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف - الترخيص بالمثل 3.0 غير موطَّنة أيقونات


The moon appears as a large, bright disk. It has craters and light and dark patches. The lower half has more dark patches

Full Moon

الشرح: The full moon imaged from the Southern Hemisphere (New Zealand). During this phase the moon's illuminated half is fully visible from Earth.
المصدر: Dave Young / dcysurfer رابط المصدر

License: CC-BY-2.0 المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 2.0 عام أيقونات


The left half of the moon is bright and the right half is dark.

First quarter moon

الشرح: The first quarter moon photographed from New Zealand. As half of the moon's illuminated half is visible, this is phase is popularly know as half moon.
المصدر: Dave Young / dcysurfer رابط المصدر

License: CC-BY-2.0 المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 2.0 عام أيقونات


The right half of the moon is bright and the left half of the moon is dark

First quarter moon

الشرح: The first quarter moon photographed from the Northern Hemisphere (USA). At this phase half of the moon's illuminated half is visible. This phase is popularly known as half moon.
المصدر: Stephen Rahn رابط المصدر

License: CC0 CC0 1.0 عام (CC0 1.0) التخصيص للملك العام أيقونات


The moon appears as a disk. The left half of the moon is bright but the right half is dark.

Last quarter moon

الشرح: This shows the last quarter moon photographed from the Northern Hemisphere (USA). During this phase half of the moon's illuminated half is visible. This phase is popularly known as half moon.
المصدر: Stephen Rahn رابط المصدر

License: CC0 CC0 1.0 عام (CC0 1.0) التخصيص للملك العام أيقونات

الرسوم التوضيحية المرتبطة


The Moon begins as dark, an illuminated portion grows from the left. Then once fully illuminated a dark portion grows from the left

Lunar Phase Northern Hemisphere

الشرح: The phases of the Moon when viewed from the Northern Hemisphere. Here north is up and east is left. The Moon orbits the Earth every 29.5 days. It is tidally locked to the Earth meaning its rotation period is the same as its orbital period and the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. At any particular time, half of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun and half is in shadow. Over the course of the Moon’s orbit around the Earth every part of the Moon is illuminated for half of the orbit and is in shadow for the other half of the orbit. When the Moon sits between the Earth and the Sun its illuminated half faces away from the Earth and we only see the half that is in shadow. This phase of the Moon is known as new moon. As the Moon moves in its orbit, a small but growing sliver of the illuminated half of the Moon begins to be seen from the Earth. This illuminated sliver appears on the western side of the Moon’s face when viewed from Earth. This phase is known as waxing crescent moon. By a quarter of the way through the Moon’s orbit around the Earth the Moon appears 90° away from the Sun and half of the Moon’s illuminated half points toward the Earth. This phase is known as first quarter moon. As the orbit continues more than half of the Moon seen from Earth is now illuminated with a dark crescent. This phase is known as waxing gibbous moon. Once we reach the halfway point in the Moon’s orbit round the Earth the Moon is now on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and we see all of the Moon’s illuminated half. As the whole of the side of the Moon that faces the Earth is now illuminated this is referred to as full moon. For the remaining half of the Moon’s orbit the half of the moon that faces the Earth begins to move into shadow. Hence the illuminated portion of the Moon that we see from Earth begins to shrink or wane. The western edge of the face of the Moon when viewed from Earth begins to appear dark and this grows through subsequent phases. The phases are repeated in reverse order: waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent and finally back to new moon. Note the surface features of the Moon are illustrative and do not accurately represent the Moon’s true surface.
المصدر: Aneta Margraf/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) أيقونات


The Moon begins as dark, an illuminated portion grows from the right. Then once fully illuminated a dark portion grows from the right

Lunar Phase Southern Hemisphere

الشرح: The phases of the Moon when viewed from the Southern Hemisphere. Here north is up and west is left The Moon orbits the Earth every 29.5 days. It is tidally locked to the Earth meaning its rotation period is the same as its orbital period and the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. At any particular time, half of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun and half is in shadow. Over the course of the Moon’s orbit around the Earth every part of the Moon is illuminated for half of the orbit and is in shadow for the other half of the orbit. When the Moon sits between the Earth and the Sun its illuminated half faces away from the Earth and we only see the half that is in shadow. This phase of the Moon is known as new moon. As the Moon moves in its orbit, a small but growing sliver of the illuminated half of the Moon begins to be seen from the Earth. This illuminated sliver appears on the western side of the Moon’s face when viewed from Earth. This phase is known as waxing crescent moon. By a quarter of the way through the Moon’s orbit around the Earth the Moon appears 90° away from the Sun and half of the Moon’s illuminated half points toward the Earth. This phase is known as first quarter moon. As the orbit continues more than half of the Moon seen from Earth is now illuminated with a dark crescent. This phase is known as waxing gibbous moon. Once we reach the halfway point in the Moon’s orbit round the Earth the Moon is now on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and we see all of the Moon’s illuminated half. As the whole of the side of the Moon that faces the Earth is now illuminated this is referred to as full moon. For the remaining half of the Moon’s orbit the half of the moon that faces the Earth begins to move into shadow. Hence the illuminated portion of the Moon that we see from Earth begins to shrink or wane. The western edge of the face of the Moon when viewed from Earth begins to appear dark and this grows through subsequent phases. The phases are repeated in reverse order: waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent and finally back to new moon. Note the surface features of the Moon are illustrative and do not accurately represent the Moon’s true surface.
المصدر: Aneta Margraf/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) أيقونات


The Moon begins as dark, an illuminated portion grows from the top. Then once fully illuminated a dark portion grows from the top

Lunar Phase Equator

الشرح: The phases of the Moon when viewed from the Equator. Here west is up, north is left and east is down. The Moon orbits the Earth every 29.5 days. It is tidally locked to the Earth meaning its rotation period is the same as its orbital period and the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. At any particular time, half of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun and half is in shadow. Over the course of the Moon’s orbit around the Earth every part of the Moon is illuminated for half of the orbit and is in shadow for the other half of the orbit. When the Moon sits between the Earth and the Sun its illuminated half faces away from the Earth and we only see the half that is in shadow. This phase of the Moon is known as new moon. As the Moon moves in its orbit, a small but growing sliver of the illuminated half of the Moon begins to be seen from the Earth. This illuminated sliver appears on the western side of the Moon’s face when viewed from Earth. This phase is known as waxing crescent moon. By a quarter of the way through the Moon’s orbit around the Earth the Moon appears 90° away from the Sun and half of the Moon’s illuminated half points toward the Earth. This phase is known as first quarter moon. As the orbit continues more than half of the Moon seen from Earth is now illuminated with a dark crescent. This phase is known as waxing gibbous moon. Once we reach the halfway point in the Moon’s orbit round the Earth the Moon is now on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and we see all of the Moon’s illuminated half. As the whole of the side of the Moon that faces the Earth is now illuminated this is referred to as full moon. For the remaining half of the Moon’s orbit the half of the moon that faces the Earth begins to move into shadow. Hence the illuminated portion of the Moon that we see from Earth begins to shrink or wane. The western edge of the face of the Moon when viewed from Earth begins to appear dark and this grows through subsequent phases. The phases are repeated in reverse order: waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent and finally back to new moon. The perspective for this diagram is with west up, north left and east down. When the moon is viewed looking west, for example viewing the waxing crescent just after sunset, the view of the Moon would be rotated by 180°. Note the surface features of the Moon are illustrative and do not accurately represent the Moon’s true surface.
المصدر: Aneta Margraf/IAU OAE

License: CC-BY-4.0 المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) أيقونات