Glossary term: Lunar Phase
Redirected from Waning Crescent
Description: Lunar phase refers to the Moon's position in its orbit around the Earth. The changing position the Moon causes the changing shape of the illuminated portion of the Moon visible from Earth over the course of one lunar month. Half of the Moon is always, apart from during lunar eclipses, illuminated by the Sun. On Earth we see different parts of the Moon illuminated as it moves in its orbit around us. The lunar month starts and ends at the same phase. At a phase of 0 degrees, called "new moon," the Moon is as close to the Sun as it will be on that orbit. At that phase, the illuminated side of the Moon faces away from Earth, and the Moon appears dark. The size of the illuminated part of the Moon gradually increases (waxing phase) becoming a crescent. The first quarter phase (when half of the moon appears to be illuminated, this is popularly known as half moon) occurs at 90 degrees from the start point. The illuminated portion of the Moon continues to increase, becoming gibbous (convex-shaped, or bulging-shaped). Full moon occurs at 180 degrees. After this point, the shape gradually starts decreasing (waning phase), resulting in a gibbous moon, the last quarter phase (when half of the moon appears to be illuminated, this is popularly known as half moon) at 270 degrees from the start, the crescent moon, and ending as a new moon at 360 degrees. Even though half the Moon appears illuminated at phases 90 and 270 degrees, the opposite sides are the ones illuminated.
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Term and definition status: This term and its definition have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
If you notice a factual error in this glossary definition then please get in touch.
In Other Languages
- Arabic: الطور القمري
- German: Mondphase
- French: Phase lunaire
- Italian: Fase lunare
- Japanese: 月の位相 (external link)
- Marathi: चंद्राच्या कला
- Simplified Chinese: 月相
- Traditional Chinese: 月相
Related Media
Full moon
Caption: The image shows the nearly full Moon observed with a small telescope and a DSLR camera.
Credit: Luc Viatour
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License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported icons
Full Moon
Caption: The full moon imaged from the Southern Hemisphere (New Zealand). During this phase the moon's illuminated half is fully visible from Earth.
Credit: Dave Young / dcysurfer
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License: CC-BY-2.0 Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic icons
First quarter moon
Caption: The first quarter moon photographed from New Zealand. As half of the moon's illuminated half is visible, this is phase is popularly know as half moon.
Credit: Dave Young / dcysurfer
credit link
License: CC-BY-2.0 Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic icons
First quarter moon
Caption: The first quarter moon photographed from the Northern Hemisphere (USA). At this phase half of the moon's illuminated half is visible. This phase is popularly known as half moon.
Credit: Stephen Rahn
credit link
License: CC0 CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication icons
Last quarter moon
Caption: This shows the last quarter moon photographed from the Northern Hemisphere (USA). During this phase half of the moon's illuminated half is visible. This phase is popularly known as half moon.
Credit: Stephen Rahn
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License: CC0 CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication icons
Related Diagrams
Lunar Phase Northern Hemisphere
Caption: The phases of the Moon when viewed from the Northern Hemisphere. Here north is up and east is left. The Moon orbits the Earth every 29.5 days. It is tidally locked to the Earth meaning its rotation period is the same as its orbital period and the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. At any particular time, half of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun and half is in shadow. Over the course of the Moon’s orbit around the Earth every part of the Moon is illuminated for half of the orbit and is in shadow for the other half of the orbit.
When the Moon sits between the Earth and the Sun its illuminated half faces away from the Earth and we only see the half that is in shadow. This phase of the Moon is known as new moon. As the Moon moves in its orbit, a small but growing sliver of the illuminated half of the Moon begins to be seen from the Earth. This illuminated sliver appears on the western side of the Moon’s face when viewed from Earth. This phase is known as waxing crescent moon. By a quarter of the way through the Moon’s orbit around the Earth the Moon appears 90° away from the Sun and half of the Moon’s illuminated half points toward the Earth. This phase is known as first quarter moon. As the orbit continues more than half of the Moon seen from Earth is now illuminated with a dark crescent. This phase is known as waxing gibbous moon. Once we reach the halfway point in the Moon’s orbit round the Earth the Moon is now on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and we see all of the Moon’s illuminated half. As the whole of the side of the Moon that faces the Earth is now illuminated this is referred to as full moon.
For the remaining half of the Moon’s orbit the half of the moon that faces the Earth begins to move into shadow. Hence the illuminated portion of the Moon that we see from Earth begins to shrink or wane. The western edge of the face of the Moon when viewed from Earth begins to appear dark and this grows through subsequent phases. The phases are repeated in reverse order: waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent and finally back to new moon.
Note the surface features of the Moon are illustrative and do not accurately represent the Moon’s true surface.
Credit: Aneta Margraf/IAU OAE
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Lunar Phase Southern Hemisphere
Caption: The phases of the Moon when viewed from the Southern Hemisphere. Here north is up and west is left The Moon orbits the Earth every 29.5 days. It is tidally locked to the Earth meaning its rotation period is the same as its orbital period and the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. At any particular time, half of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun and half is in shadow. Over the course of the Moon’s orbit around the Earth every part of the Moon is illuminated for half of the orbit and is in shadow for the other half of the orbit.
When the Moon sits between the Earth and the Sun its illuminated half faces away from the Earth and we only see the half that is in shadow. This phase of the Moon is known as new moon. As the Moon moves in its orbit, a small but growing sliver of the illuminated half of the Moon begins to be seen from the Earth. This illuminated sliver appears on the western side of the Moon’s face when viewed from Earth. This phase is known as waxing crescent moon. By a quarter of the way through the Moon’s orbit around the Earth the Moon appears 90° away from the Sun and half of the Moon’s illuminated half points toward the Earth. This phase is known as first quarter moon. As the orbit continues more than half of the Moon seen from Earth is now illuminated with a dark crescent. This phase is known as waxing gibbous moon. Once we reach the halfway point in the Moon’s orbit round the Earth the Moon is now on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and we see all of the Moon’s illuminated half. As the whole of the side of the Moon that faces the Earth is now illuminated this is referred to as full moon.
For the remaining half of the Moon’s orbit the half of the moon that faces the Earth begins to move into shadow. Hence the illuminated portion of the Moon that we see from Earth begins to shrink or wane. The western edge of the face of the Moon when viewed from Earth begins to appear dark and this grows through subsequent phases. The phases are repeated in reverse order: waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent and finally back to new moon.
Note the surface features of the Moon are illustrative and do not accurately represent the Moon’s true surface.
Credit: Aneta Margraf/IAU OAE
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
Lunar Phase Equator
Caption: The phases of the Moon when viewed from the Equator. Here west is up, north is left and east is down. The Moon orbits the Earth every 29.5 days. It is tidally locked to the Earth meaning its rotation period is the same as its orbital period and the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. At any particular time, half of the Moon is illuminated by the Sun and half is in shadow. Over the course of the Moon’s orbit around the Earth every part of the Moon is illuminated for half of the orbit and is in shadow for the other half of the orbit.
When the Moon sits between the Earth and the Sun its illuminated half faces away from the Earth and we only see the half that is in shadow. This phase of the Moon is known as new moon. As the Moon moves in its orbit, a small but growing sliver of the illuminated half of the Moon begins to be seen from the Earth. This illuminated sliver appears on the western side of the Moon’s face when viewed from Earth. This phase is known as waxing crescent moon. By a quarter of the way through the Moon’s orbit around the Earth the Moon appears 90° away from the Sun and half of the Moon’s illuminated half points toward the Earth. This phase is known as first quarter moon. As the orbit continues more than half of the Moon seen from Earth is now illuminated with a dark crescent. This phase is known as waxing gibbous moon. Once we reach the halfway point in the Moon’s orbit round the Earth the Moon is now on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and we see all of the Moon’s illuminated half. As the whole of the side of the Moon that faces the Earth is now illuminated this is referred to as full moon.
For the remaining half of the Moon’s orbit the half of the moon that faces the Earth begins to move into shadow. Hence the illuminated portion of the Moon that we see from Earth begins to shrink or wane. The western edge of the face of the Moon when viewed from Earth begins to appear dark and this grows through subsequent phases. The phases are repeated in reverse order: waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent and finally back to new moon.
The perspective for this diagram is with west up, north left and east down. When the moon is viewed looking west, for example viewing the waxing crescent just after sunset, the view of the Moon would be rotated by 180°.
Note the surface features of the Moon are illustrative and do not accurately represent the Moon’s true surface.
Credit: Aneta Margraf/IAU OAE
License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) icons
