Glossary term: 天文巡天
Description: 天文巡天是指通過對整個天空或某一區域進行觀測從而獲得其中的天文數據。巡天觀測通常包含在特定時間點編錄的天文物體的位置、亮度、顏色和其他屬性。大型天文巡天既能為天文研究提供數據，也有助於為大型望遠鏡提供觀測目標。
天文巡天的設計取決於其科學目標，例如以整個天空、大部分天區或僅以較小的區域為目標。覆蓋小范圍的巡天或所謂的 "鉛筆光束 "巡天可以集中更多的時間觀測天空的某一部分，因此可以比一些範圍更廣的巡天探測到更暗的天體。
天文巡天可以覆蓋電磁波譜的任意部分，如無線電波或紅外線，也可以將不同波長範圍的數據結合起來。
有些天文巡天對天空的同一區域進行重複觀測，以便對天體在天空中的移動、天體亮度的變化或超新星等瞬變天體的出現進行科學研究。 通過測量每年的位置變化，天文學家還可以利用視差計算天體的距離。另一種天文巡天是光譜巡天，測量數千（或數百萬）顆恆星、星系和其他天體的光譜。
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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval
This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term
The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".
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In Other Languages
- 阿拉伯語: المسح الفلكي
- 德語: Durchmusterung
- 英語: Astronomical Survey
- 西班牙語: Estudio Astronómico
- 法語: Relevé astronomique
- 義大利語: indagine astronomica
- 日語: サーベイ観測 (external link)
- 簡體中文: 天文巡天
Related Media
Pan-STARRS Survey: Mosaic of the Northern Sky
Caption: This circular mosaic was created from thousands of sky images taken by the Pan-STARRS Observatory, a 1.8-meter telescope located on the volcano Haleakalā on Maui, Hawai`i. The centre of the circle marks the north celestial pole, while the outer boundary corresponds to a declination of −30 degrees — the southern limit of the survey from that location. Each part of this image was visited multiple times during the survey with each location imaged in five different colors with multiple images per color to catch objects changing in brightness and to find moving objects such as asteroids. This dataset is a powerful example of an astronomical survey, in which the sky is systematically photographed to build large, uniform catalogs of celestial objects.
The wide, bright band running roughly from top to bottom is the Milky Way, with the Galactic centre appearing near the lower edge where the glow is strongest. Across the image are hundreds of millions of detected sources, most of them stars within our own galaxy, along with many distant galaxies in the background. Surveys like Pan-STARRS are essential for studying the structure of the Milky Way and for discovering new objects across vast areas of the sky.
Credit: Richard White (STScI), Pan-STARRS1 Science Consortium
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License: PD Public Domain icons
