Loading...

مصطلح في المعجم: القبة السماوية

ويُعرف أيضًا باسم الكرة السماوية

الوصف: الكرة السماوية هي مفهوم تخيّلي يستخدمه الفلكيون لتبسيط رصد السماء. تُصوَّر على أنها كرة مجوّفة ضخمة جداً، يمكن اعتبار مركزها الأرض أو الشمس أو أي نقطة مناسبة حسب الحاجة. وتُخيَّل الأجرام السماوية وكأنها مثبتة على سطحها الداخلي، بما في ذلك النجوم، والكواكب، والشمس، والقمر، التي يبدو أنها تتحرك ببطء عبر هذه الكرة.

تُستخدم الكرة السماوية في أنظمة الإحداثيات الكروية، وهي طريقة مهمة لتحديد مواقع الأجسام السماوية في السماء بدقة.

ويبدو أن الكرة السماوية تدور دورة كاملة مرة كل يوم، وذلك بسبب دوران الأرض حول محورها. هذا الدوران الظاهري هو ما يجعلنا نرى الأجرام السماوية تشرق وتغرب وتتحرك في السماء على مدار اليوم.

ورغم أن الكرة السماوية ليست حقيقية، إلا أنها أداة فعالة للغاية في دراسة حركة النجوم والكواكب ومواقعها بالنسبة للمراقب على الأرض.

مصطلحات ذات صلة:



اطّلع على هذا المصطلح بلغات أخرى

حالة المصطلح والتعريف: تمت الموافقة على التعريف الأصلي لهذا المصطلح باللغة الإنجليزية من قبل فلكي باحث ومعلم
ترجمة هذا المصطلح وتعريفه ما تزال بانتظار الموافقة

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

If you notice a factual or translation error in this glossary term or definition then please get in touch.

بلغات أخرى

وسائط ذات صلة


Hundreds of small arcs made by stars form circles centred on a point near the horizon. A tree stands in the foreground.

Star Trail in the Southern Hemisphere with Bortle 4 Scale Light Pollution

الشرح: Winner in the 2023 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category of Still images taken exclusively with smartphones/mobile devices. This breathtaking photo, captured under the clear night sky of Linggamekar Village, Cilimus, Kuningan, West Java, Indonesia on 25 June 2020, displays star trails sweeping across the southern hemisphere’s heavens. The star trails are due to Earth’s rotation causing the apparent motion of stars, creating these mesmerising arcs of light when followed over extended periods. Here, the point the stars rotate around (the South Celestial Pole) is close to the horizon, as the image was taken close to the equator. The photographer used the star trail feature on a smartphone, which captured a series of images over an extended period and stacked them together. The striking tree in the foreground adds depth to the image, contrasting the celestial motion above with its Earthly stillness, while also masking some of the surrounding light pollution. Different parts of the world offer diverse and stunning perspectives on the night sky, emphasising the importance of preserving dark skies everywhere.
المصدر: Slamat Riyadi/IAU OAE (CC BY 4.0)

License: CC-BY-4.0 المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) أيقونات


ينجرف الدب الأكبر نحو الأسفل نحو الأفق على اليسار، وعلى اليمين يرتفع مذنب في السماء.

الدب الأكبر والمذنب الكبير والمذنب نويز C2020 F3

الشرح: توثق هذه اللقطات المتتابعة مسار الدب الأكبر الشهير عبر ثلاثة إطارات تم التقاطها في يوليو 2020. التُقطت هذه الرحلة البصرية من ثلاثة مواقع في إيطاليا، وهي تري سيمي دي لافاريدو أورونزو دي كادوري، ومونتي رايت، وسيبيانا دي كادوري، وكاسيرا رازو، وفيغو دي كادوري، وهي تعرض رحلة الدب الأكبر الآسرة مع إضافة مسارات النجوم التي ترسم لوحة سماوية. لا يقتصر الأمر على تتبع مسار هذا النجم الشهير فحسب، بل يتميز أيضاً بالظهور النادر لمذنب نويز C/2020 F3، وهو حدث استثنائي شرّف سماءنا خلال شهر يوليو 2020.
المصدر: جيورجيا هوفر/الاتحاد الدولي للملاحة الفضائية (CC BY 4.0)

المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) أيقونات CC-BY-4.0 :License


The Milky Way appears as a diagonal stripe bottom left to top right. It becomes more horizontal as the video progresses.

Southern Sky Over La Silla

الشرح: First place winner in the 2023 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category of Time-lapses of rotation of Big Dipper or Southern Cross. This video shows the Milky Way’s sprawling brilliance across the celestial expanse. Among the stars’ grand theatre, the Southern Cross constellation claims its place in the scene, distinguished by its distinctive cross shape as seen in the top of this video and slightly to the right just over the Milky Way, slowly disappearing as the video progresses. This celestial marker, a prominent feature in the southern hemisphere, holds cultural and navigational significance, having served as a navigational guidepost for centuries. Accompanying the Milky Way’s grandeur are the two Magellanic clouds, celestial companions seen dancing in the distant sky. The Carina Nebula adds its ethereal glow to the cosmic panorama, painting a radiant hue against the darkness. In the midst of this celestial ballet, a gentle green hue envelops the atmosphere, a phenomenon known as airglow, adding a touch of subtle luminescence to the night sky. The terrestrial also makes an appearance, with planes flying overhead and vehicles driving between observatory buildings. This time-lapse, taken from the La Silla Observatory in Chile, is a window to the captivating dance of stars, offering a glimpse into the awe-inspiring beauty of our galaxy and the celestial landmarks that grace the southern sky.
المصدر: José Rodrigues/IAU OAE (CC BY 4.0)

License: CC-BY-4.0 المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) أيقونات


The Southern Cross points out the South Celestial Pole, around which the sky appears to rotate

Beautiful Night in the Atacama Desert

الشرح: Honorable mention in the 2023 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category of Time-lapses of rotation of Big Dipper or Southern Cross. Taken from San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, in June 2023, this time-lapse reveals the celestial ballet that unfolds as the Southern Cross takes its majestic journey across the sky, pointing the way to the South Celestial Pole around which the sky rotates, until it gracefully sets. The star-studded canvas showcases the grandeur of the Milky Way, adorned by the rotating Large and Small Magellanic Clouds swirling around the Southern Celestial Pole. The prominent constellations of Crux, Centaurus, Scorpius, and the former Argo Navis (Carina, Puppis, Vela) are also visible. The spectacle begins just after nightfall, capturing the radiant descent of Canopus, a beacon about to dip below the horizon. Throughout the sequence, there is a subtle presence of passing aeroplanes, fleeting headlights of cars, drifting clouds, and the ethereal airglow. At a stunning moment, a vivid meteor streaked across the sky, a breathtaking fireball briefly igniting the right lower corner around the 41st second mark. As the sequence progresses, the rising moon elegantly illuminates the landscape, casting its glow upon an ancient tree trunk resting on the dry, dusty grounds of the Salar de Atacama. This captivating journey through the night skies concludes before the break of dawn, offering a glimpse into the celestial marvels that are woven into the nocturnal tapestry of San Pedro de Atacama.
المصدر: Uwe Reichert/IAU OAE (CC BY 4.0)

License: CC-BY-4.0 المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) أيقونات


The dish of a radio telescope rotates as the Big Dipper moves in the sky behind.

The Big Dipper with the Sardinia Radio Telescope SRT

الشرح: Honorable mention in the 2023 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category of Time-lapses of rotation of Big Dipper or Southern Cross. This time-lapse captures the movement of the stars alongside the majestic 64-metre Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT) from the National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF), with special attention to the renowned Big Dipper against the backdrop of the celestial sphere. The camera pans as the famous asterism sinks in the sky while planes fly past and the radio telescope rotates. The harmonious interplay between the stellar pathways and the colossal dish of the radio telescope creates a mesmerising visual ode to the cosmic ballet taken in September 2019.
المصدر: Antonio Finazzi/IAU OAE (CC BY 4.0)

License: CC-BY-4.0 المشاع الإبداعي نَسب المُصنَّف 4.0 دولي (CC BY 4.0) أيقونات