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Glossary term: 橢圓星系

Description: 橢圓星系是一種具有規則的橢圓形外觀的星系,就像一個球體被壓扁在一條或兩條軸線上,與看起來像煎餅形狀的盤狀星系形成鮮明對比。它通常主要包含黃紅色的老恆星。與螺旋星系相比,橢圓星系通常只有很少的氣體,也很少有正在形成的恆星。

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Term and definition status: The original definition of this term in English have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher
The translation of this term and its definition is still awaiting approval

This is an automated transliteration of the simplified Chinese translation of this term

The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy Outreach (OAO). The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. You can find a full list of credits here. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".

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獅子座就像站在黃道上的一頭獅子,鼻子指向西北方向。黃道從東南偏東(ESE)方向延伸至西北偏西(WNW)方向。

獅子座星圖

Caption: 黃道星座獅子座與周邊星座示意圖。從頂部開始沿順時針方向,獅子座周邊的星座依次為:小獅座、巨蟹座、六分儀座、長蛇座、巨爵座、室女座和大熊座。獅子座最亮的恆星是軒轅十四,幾乎正好位於黃道上。從地球看來,太陽以一年為週期在天球上移動,所經過的路徑稱為黃道,在圖中以藍色實線標注。太陽在每年八月中旬到九月中旬位於獅子座。太陽系中的其他行星也經常出現在獅子座。 獅子座橫跨天赤道,因此在地球上的任何地方,一年中的某些時候都能看到其部分天區。但在地球南北兩極,獅子座的部分天區會被遮蔽。獅子座在北半球的春季和南半球的秋季夜晚最適宜觀測。 獅子座內可見多個深空天體,包括M65和M66——獅子三重星系中的兩個成員,該星系群還包含NGC 3628,但圖中並未標注。此外,使用小型望遠鏡,還可觀測到呈現為一團模糊光斑的旋渦星系M96,以及橢圓星系M105。這些天體在圖中均以紅色橢圓標注。 該圖的縱軸為赤緯,橫軸為赤經,方向為上北下南左東右西。圖中標注的恆星大小對應其視星等——衡量天體視亮度的標準,較大的圓點代表著較亮的恆星。圖中的希臘字母標注著星座中最亮的恆星。這些恆星按亮度排序,最亮的一般被標記為α星,第二亮的一般為β星,等等,不過這種字母排序並不總是和實際亮度排序完全一致。圖中虛線標注的是國際天文學聯合會劃定的星座邊界,綠色實線則是一種常見的星座形象連線。需要注意的是,在實際觀測時,這些邊界與連線都不會出現在天空中。
Credit: 國際天文學聯合會天文教育辦公室(IAU OAE)根據國際天文學聯合會和《天空與望遠鏡》的原文改編

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons


室女座常被描繪為平躺的少女形象,她的後背大致倚靠著傾斜延伸的黃道,雙臂向兩側舒展,雙足則指向東方。

室女座星圖

Caption: 黃道星座室女座與周邊星座示意圖。從頂部開始沿順時針方向,室女座周邊的星座依次為:後發座、獅子座、巨爵座、烏鴉座、天秤座和牧夫座。室女座最亮的恆星是角宿一,位於該圖中央、黃道下方。可用如下的”春季大弧線“在夜空中定位角宿一:順著北斗七星的斗柄出發,延伸至牧夫座的大角星,再沿直線向下尋找,就可以找到角宿一。可用口訣來記憶:“順著斗柄至大角,直下尋得角宿一。”角宿一的位置略低於黃道——從地球看來,太陽以一年為週期在天球上移動,所經過的路徑稱為黃道,在圖中以藍色實線標注。太陽在每年九月中旬到十月下旬位於室女座。太陽系中的其他行星也經常出現在室女座。 室女座橫跨天赤道,因此在地球上的任何地方,一年中的某些時候都能看到其部分天區。但在地球南北兩極,室女座的部分天區會被遮蔽。室女座在北半球的春季和南半球的秋季夜晚最適宜觀測。 室女座常被描繪為背靠黃道平躺的少女形象,雙臂向兩側舒展,雙足則指向東方。室女座內可見多個深空天體,包括NGC 4697、M49、M87、M86、M84和M60,在圖中均以紅色橢圓標注。這些天體都是旋渦星系與橢圓星系,距離地球數百萬光年,均屬於離銀河系最近的星系團——室女座星系團。其中M87星系尤為值得注意,其核心的超大質量黑洞於2019年被事件視界望遠鏡成功拍攝,這是人類拍攝到的首張黑洞照片。這個黑洞被命名為Pōwehi,在夏威夷語中意為”無限創造的黑暗源泉“。 該圖的縱軸為赤緯,橫軸為赤經,方向為上北下南左東右西。圖中標注的恆星大小對應其視星等——衡量天體視亮度的標準,較大的圓點代表著較亮的恆星。圖中的希臘字母標注著星座中最亮的恆星。這些恆星按亮度排序,最亮的一般被標記為α星,第二亮的一般為β星,等等,不過這種字母排序並不總是和實際亮度排序完全一致。圖中虛線標注的是國際天文學聯合會劃定的星座邊界,綠色實線則是一種常見的星座形象連線。需要注意的是,在實際觀測時,這些邊界與連線都不會出現在天空中。
Credit: 國際天文學聯合會天文教育辦公室(IAU OAE)根據國際天文學聯合會和《天空與望遠鏡》的原文改編

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons


Coma Berenices looks like an east-west line with a north-south line extending from its east end

Coma Berenices Constellation Map

Caption: The constellation Coma Berenices with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Coma Berenices is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Leo, Virgo and Boötes. This constellation has relatively few bright stars. Coma Berenices is a northern constellation close to the celestial equator. As such the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year everywhere on Earth except the most antarctic regions. The constellation is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere late spring and southern hemisphere late autumn. Coma Berenices is home to a large cluster of galaxies known as the Coma Supercluster. However none of the galaxies in this cluster are marked on this diagram as they are too faint to observe with most amateur telescopes. The elliptical galaxy M85 and the spiral galaxy M100 are members of the nearer Virgo cluster of galaxies. These are marked with red ellipses as are the even nearer M64 and NGC 4565, both of which are spiral galaxies. The globular cluster M53, marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it, also lies in Coma Berenices. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom right of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope

License: CC-BY-4.0 Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons