Caption: 人馬座及其明亮恆星與周邊星座示意圖。從頂部開始沿順時針方向，人馬座周邊的星座依次為：天鷹座、盾牌座、巨蛇尾、蛇夫座、天蠍座、南冕座、望遠鏡座、顯微鏡座和摩羯座。人馬座較亮的恆星構成一個獨特的茶壺形狀。人馬座位於黃道上。從地球看來，太陽以一年為週期在天球上移動，所經過的路徑稱為黃道，在圖中以藍色實線標注。太陽在每年十二月中旬到次年一月中旬位於人馬座。太陽系中的其他行星也經常出現在人馬座。 人馬座位於天赤道以南。在地球上，除了北極地區以外，其他地區都能看到著名的茶壺星群，但在亞洲、歐洲和北美洲的北部地區卻看不到人馬座最南端的部分。人馬座在北半球的夏季和南半球的冬季夜晚最適宜觀測。 位於銀河系中心的超大質量黑洞人馬座A*位於人馬座的西部邊緣，在圖中為右側邊緣。人馬座覆蓋了銀河系的中心區域，因此它也包含了諸多星團——其中既有疏散星團，在圖中以黃色圓圈標注；也有球狀星團，在圖中以疊加了十字符號的黃色圓圈標注。圖中還用綠色方框標注了三個星雲。 該圖的縱軸為赤緯，橫軸為赤經，方向為上北下南左東右西。圖中標注的恆星大小對應其視星等——衡量天體視亮度的標準，較大的圓點代表著較亮的恆星。圖中的希臘字母標注著星座中最亮的恆星。這些恆星按亮度排序，最亮的一般被標記為α星，第二亮的一般為β星，等等，不過這種字母排序並不總是和實際亮度排序完全一致。圖中虛線標注的是國際天文學聯合會劃定的星座邊界，綠色實線則是一種常見的星座形象連線。需要注意的是，在實際觀測時，這些邊界與連線都不會出現在天空中。
Credit: 國際天文學聯合會天文教育辦公室（IAU OAE）根據國際天文學聯合會和《天空與望遠鏡》的原文改編

Caption: The constellation Auriga with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Auriga is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Camelopardalis, Perseus, Taurus, Gemini and Lynx. Capella, the brightest star in Auriga, is the sixth brightest star in the night sky. As a northern constellation, Auriga is visible from the whole of the northern hemisphere at some point in the year. The whole of the constellation is visible to equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere with parts of it visible to temperate southern regions. The whole constellation is circumpolar from arctic regions. The constellation is best viewed in the evening in the late northern hemisphere winter and late southern hemisphere summer. Auriga lies in the plane of the Milky Way and thus hosts a number of open clusters. Of these M36, M37 and M38 are marked on this diagram with yellow circles. IC 405, also known as the flaming star nebula, is marked here with a green square. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope

Caption: The constellation Cepheus along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Cepheus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, Draco, Cygnus, Lacerta and Cassiopeia. Cepheus is a large constellation. Its most notable star is Delta Cephei, the prototype for the class of variable stars known as Cepheid variables. These are variable stars which can be used to estimate distances both within our galaxy and to nearby galaxies. Cepheus lies close to the north celestial pole. As such it is circumpolar for arctic and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The whole of the constellation is also visible at some point in the year in equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of it visible in equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere. It is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere late autumn and southern hemisphere late spring. The open cluster NGC 188 lies in Cepheus and is marked here with a yellow circle. The nebula NGC 7023 also lies in the constellation and is marked with a green square. The red ellipse in the lower right marks the position of the spiral galaxy NGC 6946. This diagram maps an area around the north celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. Some of the lines of constant declination are marked on the y-axis. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. Delta Cephei is marked with a circle around a dot as it is a variable star. Mu Cephei is also a variable star marked here as an open circle. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope

Caption: The constellation Carina along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Carina is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Vela, Puppis, Pictor, Volans, Chamaeleon, Musca and Centaurus. Carina is notable for Canopus, the second brightest star in the night sky and for the famous variable star Eta Carinae. This latter object is a binary star system of two young very massive stars. Its brightness has varied greatly over the past few centuries. At one point it outshone Canopus before dimming by a factor of four thousand to become invisible to the naked eye. In recent years it has brightened enough to again be visible without the aid of a telescope. Carina is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year to the entire southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from northern temperate regions. The open clusters NGC 2516, NGC 3532 and IC 2602 lie in Carina. These are marked here by yellow circles. The Carina Nebula, also known as NGC 3372, lies in the constellation. This large nebula contains many massive young stars, including Eta Carinae. This diagram maps an area around the south celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. Some of the lines of constant declination are marked on the y-axis. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. Carina was previously part of the larger Argo Navis constellation along with Vela and Puppis. As the letter designations for stars were created before this division took place, Greek letter designations are now divided between the three constellations with Carina having stars designated alpha and beta but no gamma or delta. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope

Caption: The constellation Cygnus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Cygnus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Cepheus, Draco, Lyra, Vulpecula, Pegasus and Lacerta. Cygnus is notable for its brightest star Deneb. This forms one vertex of the prominent Summer Triangle asterism that is visible in northern hemisphere summer evenings. Cygnus is a northern constellation and thus the whole of the constellation is visible at some point in the year in the whole northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from temperate southern regions. The plane of the Milky Way runs through Cygnus and thus the constellation is rich in nebulae and star clusters. These include the North America Nebula (NGC 7000) and the Crescent Nebula (NGC 6888). The Veil Nebula is a huge supernova remnant, parts of which are marked here as NGC 6960 and NGC 6992/5. All of the previously-mentioned nebulae are marked with green squares. The planetary nebula NGC 6826 is marked here with a green circle superimposed on a plus sign. The open star clusters M29 and M39 are marked here with yellow circles. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope