This page describes an image 南極座星圖
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Diagram caption:
南極座及其明亮恆星與周邊星座示意圖。從頂部開始沿順時針方向，南極座周邊的星座依次為：水蛇座、印第安座、 孔雀座、天燕座、蝘蜓座和山案座。南極座（Octans）是一個相對暗淡的星座，其特殊意義在於它位於南天極所在區域。與北天相對明亮的勾陳一（北極星）不同，作為南天極標誌的南極座σ星肉眼觀測時幾乎難以辨認。
南極座位於南天極區域，因此整個南半球均可觀測，北半球赤道附近地區也能看到其部分星區。對南半球大部分區域而言，該星座屬於恆顯星座（常年不落）。最佳觀測時段為北半球秋季（南半球春季）的夜晚。
該圖繪製了南天極周圍的區域。恆定赤經線在此匯聚。圖中上下邊框標注的X軸數值（以小時為單位）即代表這些赤經線的具體數值。環繞天極的實線圓環標示-80°赤緯線，而右側不完整的較大圓環則對應-70°赤緯線。圖中標注的恆星大小對應其視星等——衡量天體視亮度的標準，較大的圓點代表著較亮的恆星。圖中的希臘字母標注著星座中最亮的恆星。這些恆星按亮度排序，最亮的一般被標記為α星，第二亮的一般為β星，等等，不過這種字母排序並不總是和實際亮度排序完全一致。圖中虛線標注的是國際天文學聯合會劃定的星座邊界，綠色實線則是一種常見的星座形象連線。需要注意的是，在實際觀測時，這些邊界與連線都不會出現在天空中。
Diagram credit: 國際天文學聯合會天文教育辦公室（IAU OAE）根據國際天文學聯合會和《天空與望遠鏡》的原文改編. Credit Link
Diagram translation status: Not yet approved by a reviewer
Diagram translators: An automated transliteration from the simplified Chinese translation by - Xiao Jingyu
Diagram license: Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) Creative Commons 姓名標示 4.0 國際 (CC BY 4.0) icons
Related glossary terms:
北極星
, 南天極 (SCP)
, 天球坐標
, 星座
, 視星等
, 赤經（RA）
, 赤緯
Categories:
Naked Eye Astronomy
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In Other Languages
英語: Octans Constellation Map義大利語: Mappa della Costellazione di Ottante
西班牙語: Mapa de la Constelación de Octans
簡體中文: 南极座星图
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