Caption: 天秤座及其明亮恒星与周边星座示意图。从顶部开始沿顺时针方向，天秤座周边的星座依次为：巨蛇头、室女座、长蛇座、半人马座、豺狼座、天蝎座和蛇夫座。天秤座位于黄道上。从地球看来，太阳以一年为周期在天球上移动，所经过的路径称为黄道，在图中以蓝色实线标注。太阳在每年十月下旬到十一月下旬位于天秤座。太阳系中的其他行星也经常出现在天秤座。 天秤座位于天赤道以南，因此在地球上，除了北极地区以外，一年中的某些时候都能看到它。天秤座在北半球春末夏初和南半球秋末冬初的夜晚最适宜观测。 该图的纵轴为赤纬，横轴为赤经，方向为上北下南左东右西。图中标注的恒星大小对应其视星等——衡量天体视亮度的标准，较大的圆点代表着较亮的恒星。图中的希腊字母标注着星座中最亮的恒星。这些恒星按亮度排序，最亮的一般被标记为α星，第二亮的一般为β星，等等，不过这种字母排序并不总是和实际亮度排序完全一致。图中虚线标注的是国际天文学联合会划定的星座边界，绿色实线则是一种常见的星座形象连线。需要注意的是，在实际观测时，这些边界与连线都不会出现在天空中。
Credit: 国际天文学联合会天文教育办公室（IAU OAE）根据国际天文学联合会和《天空与望远镜》的原文改编

Caption: 黄道星座狮子座与周边星座示意图。从顶部开始沿顺时针方向，狮子座周边的星座依次为：小狮座、巨蟹座、六分仪座、长蛇座、巨爵座、室女座和大熊座。狮子座最亮的恒星是轩辕十四，几乎正好位于黄道上。从地球看来，太阳以一年为周期在天球上移动，所经过的路径称为黄道，在图中以蓝色实线标注。太阳在每年八月中旬到九月中旬位于狮子座。太阳系中的其他行星也经常出现在狮子座。 狮子座横跨天赤道，因此在地球上的任何地方，一年中的某些时候都能看到其部分天区。但在地球南北两极，狮子座的部分天区会被遮蔽。狮子座在北半球的春季和南半球的秋季夜晚最适宜观测。 狮子座内可见多个深空天体，包括M65和M66——狮子三重星系中的两个成员，该星系群还包含NGC 3628，但图中并未标注。此外，使用小型望远镜，还可观测到呈现为一团模糊光斑的旋涡星系M96，以及椭圆星系M105。这些天体在图中均以红色椭圆标注。 该图的纵轴为赤纬，横轴为赤经，方向为上北下南左东右西。图中标注的恒星大小对应其视星等——衡量天体视亮度的标准，较大的圆点代表着较亮的恒星。图中的希腊字母标注着星座中最亮的恒星。这些恒星按亮度排序，最亮的一般被标记为α星，第二亮的一般为β星，等等，不过这种字母排序并不总是和实际亮度排序完全一致。图中虚线标注的是国际天文学联合会划定的星座边界，绿色实线则是一种常见的星座形象连线。需要注意的是，在实际观测时，这些边界与连线都不会出现在天空中。
Credit: 国际天文学联合会天文教育办公室（IAU OAE）根据国际天文学联合会和《天空与望远镜》的原文改编

Caption: 黄道星座室女座与周边星座示意图。从顶部开始沿顺时针方向，室女座周边的星座依次为：后发座、狮子座、巨爵座、乌鸦座、天秤座和牧夫座。室女座最亮的恒星是角宿一，位于该图中央、黄道下方。可用如下的”春季大弧线“在夜空中定位角宿一：顺着北斗七星的斗柄出发，延伸至牧夫座的大角星，再沿直线向下寻找，就可以找到角宿一。可用口诀来记忆：“顺着斗柄至大角，直下寻得角宿一。”角宿一的位置略低于黄道——从地球看来，太阳以一年为周期在天球上移动，所经过的路径称为黄道，在图中以蓝色实线标注。太阳在每年九月中旬到十月下旬位于室女座。太阳系中的其他行星也经常出现在室女座。 室女座横跨天赤道，因此在地球上的任何地方，一年中的某些时候都能看到其部分天区。但在地球南北两极，室女座的部分天区会被遮蔽。室女座在北半球的春季和南半球的秋季夜晚最适宜观测。 室女座常被描绘为背靠黄道平躺的少女形象，双臂向两侧舒展，双足则指向东方。室女座内可见多个深空天体，包括NGC 4697、M49、M87、M86、M84和M60，在图中均以红色椭圆标注。这些天体都是旋涡星系与椭圆星系，距离地球数百万光年，均属于离银河系最近的星系团——室女座星系团。其中M87星系尤为值得注意，其核心的超大质量黑洞于2019年被事件视界望远镜成功拍摄，这是人类拍摄到的首张黑洞照片。这个黑洞被命名为Pōwehi，在夏威夷语中意为”无限创造的黑暗源泉“。 该图的纵轴为赤纬，横轴为赤经，方向为上北下南左东右西。图中标注的恒星大小对应其视星等——衡量天体视亮度的标准，较大的圆点代表着较亮的恒星。图中的希腊字母标注着星座中最亮的恒星。这些恒星按亮度排序，最亮的一般被标记为α星，第二亮的一般为β星，等等，不过这种字母排序并不总是和实际亮度排序完全一致。图中虚线标注的是国际天文学联合会划定的星座边界，绿色实线则是一种常见的星座形象连线。需要注意的是，在实际观测时，这些边界与连线都不会出现在天空中。
Credit: 国际天文学联合会天文教育办公室（IAU OAE）根据国际天文学联合会和《天空与望远镜》的原文改编

Caption: The constellation Coma Berenices with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Coma Berenices is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Leo, Virgo and Boötes. This constellation has relatively few bright stars. Coma Berenices is a northern constellation close to the celestial equator. As such the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year everywhere on Earth except the most antarctic regions. The constellation is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere late spring and southern hemisphere late autumn. Coma Berenices is home to a large cluster of galaxies known as the Coma Supercluster. However none of the galaxies in this cluster are marked on this diagram as they are too faint to observe with most amateur telescopes. The elliptical galaxy M85 and the spiral galaxy M100 are members of the nearer Virgo cluster of galaxies. These are marked with red ellipses as are the even nearer M64 and NGC 4565, both of which are spiral galaxies. The globular cluster M53, marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it, also lies in Coma Berenices. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom right of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope

Caption: The constellation Hydra with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Hydra is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Leo, Cancer, Canis Minor, Monoceros, Puppis, Pyxis, Antlia, Centaurus, Lupus, Libra, Virgo, Corvus, Crater and Sextans. Hydra is a large constellation that covers over a quarter of the celestial sphere in right ascension. It also spans the celestial equator and thus part of the constellation is visible from everywhere on the Earth at some point in the year. All parts of the constellation are visible at some point for all but the most antarctic parts of the southern hemisphere and to equatorial and most temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. However the wide span of the constellation means that all of it may not be visible at the same time in many of these regions. Hydra is best viewed in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn. The famous spiral galaxy M83, also known as the Pinwheel Galaxy, lies in Hydra. It is marked here with a red ellipse. The planetary nebula NGC 3242 can also be found in Hydra. It is marked here with a green circle with a plus sign superimposed on it. The open cluster M48 is marked here with a yellow circle while the globular cluster M68 is marked with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line on the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope