Caption: 2022年国际天文学联合会天文教育办公室天文摄影大赛获奖作品，类别：天体图案静态图像。 这张照片的构图令人惊叹。在远处的风景背景中，我们看到一连串的山脉，似乎与上方天空中的银河结构相映成趣。风景中强烈的日光般的色彩是由图像顶部的亮光——月亮造成的。 这张照片拍摄于2019年2月的马来西亚基纳巴卢山，展示了行星与月亮的排列，传达了黄道作为黄道带中心线的概念，黄道是行星绕太阳运行的平面。黄道是黄道带的中心线，因此黄道两侧约5到10度的区域是黄道带星座的所在地。从图像左下方的地平线开始，我们可以看到金星、土星和木星。这些行星对世界各地的人们有着不同的文化意义，并深深地扎根于社会、宗教和实际生活中。例如，澳大利亚土著瓦达曼人的传统将行星与穿越天路（黄道）的祖先灵魂联系在一起。行星在天空中的出现和消失与各种仪式相关。例如，当金星从“昏星”变为“晨星”时，这标志着澳大利亚阿纳姆地的尤努族人的巴努比尔仪式。 这张图片还展示了天蝎座、天鹰座、豺狼座和南三角座，以及茶壶星群和两颗指针星——半人马座α星和β星。这些星座、星群及其中的个别恒星在许多不同文化中都具有重要意义。 马来西亚靠近赤道，与北方和南方都有联系，几乎全年都能看到整个天空。西沙漠的科卡塔人将心宿二视为Kogolongo，即红尾黑凤头鹦鹉，而布龙族则称其为Djuit，即红腰鹦鹉。形成天蝎座尾刺的两颗星（尾宿八和尾宿九）被称为Karik Karik，即澳大利亚红隼。
Credit: Likai Lin/IAU OAU

Caption: The constellation Ophiuchus along with its bright stars and its surrounding constellations. Ophiuchus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Hercules, Serpens Caput, Scorpius, Sagittarius and Serpens Cauda. Ophiuchus is not part of the traditional twelve zodiac constellations but it lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Ophiuchus from late November to mid December. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Ophiuchus. Ophiuchus spans the celestial equator and thus part of the constellation is visible across the whole of the earth at some point in the year. However during the time it is most visible in the evenings (the southern hemisphere winter and northern hemisphere summer) much of the arctic is in perpetual daylight making the stars in the constellation impossible to see. The whole constellation is visible from equatorial and temperate regions of both hemispheres. As Ophiuchus lies close to the galactic center it contains many globular clusters such as M9, M10, M12, M14, M19, M62, and M107. These are marked as yellow circles with plus symbols superimposed. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope

Caption: The constellation Cetus along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Cetus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Pisces, Aquarius, Sculptor, Fornax, Eridanus, Taurus and Aries. Cetus lies just south of the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. While the Sun does not pass through Cetus, the other planets of the solar system and the Moon can sometimes be found in Cetus. The star Omicron Ceti or Mira is a famous variable star. This red giant varies in brightness by a factor of 600 over the course of its eleven month period. Cetus spans the celestial equator, thus some part of the constellation is visible from all the the Earth at some point in the year. The full constellation is visible from equatorial and temperate regions of both hemispheres. Cetus is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere late autumn and the southern hemisphere late spring. The barred spiral galaxy M77 lies in Cetus as does the spiral galaxy NGC 247 and the dwarf irregular galaxy IC 1613. All three are marked here with red ellipses. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. Mira is marked with an open circle as it is a variable star not always visible to the naked eye. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope

Caption: 天秤座及其明亮恒星与周边星座示意图。从顶部开始沿顺时针方向，天秤座周边的星座依次为：巨蛇头、室女座、长蛇座、半人马座、豺狼座、天蝎座和蛇夫座。天秤座位于黄道上。从地球看来，太阳以一年为周期在天球上移动，所经过的路径称为黄道，在图中以蓝色实线标注。太阳在每年十月下旬到十一月下旬位于天秤座。太阳系中的其他行星也经常出现在天秤座。 天秤座位于天赤道以南，因此在地球上，除了北极地区以外，一年中的某些时候都能看到它。天秤座在北半球春末夏初和南半球秋末冬初的夜晚最适宜观测。 该图的纵轴为赤纬，横轴为赤经，方向为上北下南左东右西。图中标注的恒星大小对应其视星等——衡量天体视亮度的标准，较大的圆点代表着较亮的恒星。图中的希腊字母标注着星座中最亮的恒星。这些恒星按亮度排序，最亮的一般被标记为α星，第二亮的一般为β星，等等，不过这种字母排序并不总是和实际亮度排序完全一致。图中虚线标注的是国际天文学联合会划定的星座边界，绿色实线则是一种常见的星座形象连线。需要注意的是，在实际观测时，这些边界与连线都不会出现在天空中。
Credit: 国际天文学联合会天文教育办公室（IAU OAE）根据国际天文学联合会和《天空与望远镜》的原文改编

Caption: 天蝎座及其明亮恒星与周边星座示意图。从顶部开始沿顺时针方向，天秤座周边的星座依次为：蛇夫座、巨蛇头、天秤座、豺狼座、矩尺座、天坛座、南冕座和人马座。天蝎座最亮的恒星是心宿二，位于天蝎座的中心，其东南方（左下方）是著名的天蝎尾。天蝎座位于黄道上。从地球看来，太阳以一年为周期在天球上移动，所经过的路径称为黄道，在图中以蓝色实线标注。太阳只在每年十一月下旬的很短一段时间内位于天蝎座。太阳系中的其他行星也经常出现在天蝎座。 天蝎座位于天赤道以南。北极地区无法看到整个天蝎座，亚洲、欧洲和北美洲北部地区的观测者也无法看到天蝎座的部分区域。天蝎座在北半球的夏季和南半球的冬季夜晚最适宜观测。 疏散星团M6、M7和NGC 6231在图中均以黄色圆圈标注，球状星团M4和M80在图中均以叠加了十字符号的黄色圆圈标注。 该图的纵轴为赤纬，横轴为赤经，方向为上北下南左东右西。图中标注的恒星大小对应其视星等——衡量天体视亮度的标准，较大的圆点代表着较亮的恒星。图中的希腊字母标注着星座中最亮的恒星。这些恒星按亮度排序，最亮的一般被标记为α星，第二亮的一般为β星，等等，不过这种字母排序并不总是和实际亮度排序完全一致。图中虚线标注的是国际天文学联合会划定的星座边界，绿色实线则是一种常见的星座形象连线。需要注意的是，在实际观测时，这些边界与连线都不会出现在天空中。
Credit: 国际天文学联合会天文教育办公室（IAU OAE）根据国际天文学联合会和《天空与望远镜》的原文改编

Caption: The constellation Sagittarius along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Sagittarius is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top) Aquila, Scutum, Serpens Cauda, Ophiuchus, Scorpius, Corona Australis, Telescopium, Microscopium and Capricornus. The brighter stars in Sagittarius form a distinctive teapot shape. Sagittarius lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Sagittarius from mid December to mid January. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Sagittarius. Sagittarius lies south of the celestial equator. The famous teapot asterism is visible for all but the most arctic regions of the world but the most southerly parts of the constellation are not visible in northern parts of Asia, Europe and North America. Sagittarius is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. The supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* which lies at the center of our Milky Way Galaxy is sits on the western (here right-hand) edge of Sagittarius. Due to it covering an area at the center of our Galaxy, Sagittarius is home to many star clusters including open clusters (marked here with yellow circles) and globular clusters (marked here with yellow circles with + signs superimposed on them). Three nebulae are also marked here with green squares. The y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.
Credit: Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope