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"file_title": "Oregon Coast",
"file_type": "img",
"record_url": "https://astro4edu.org/resources/media/fd12Uf19gx5/",
"file_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/7425585/files/Honourable%20mention%20in%20the%202022%20IAU%20OAE%20Astrophotography%20Contest%2C%20category%20Still%20images%20of%20celestial%20patterns%3A%20Oregon%20Coast%2C%20by%20Marcin%20Zajac.jpg",
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"short_caption": "Oregon Coast",
"caption": "Honourable mention in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of celestial patterns:.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis image features the Milky Way, our home galaxy, over Oregon, USA, as seen in July 2021. It is obviously a composite because the stars are not reflected in the water. Still, it is nicely composed to suggest a similarity between the stream of water on Earth and the (mirrored) stream of stars in the sky.\r\n\r\nThe Milky Way clearly dominates the sky in this image. As a prominent feature in the sky, the Milky Way has been associated with the religions and mythologies of many cultures. The best-known association from Greek folklore “explains” it as a stream of divine milk from the mighty mother goddess Hera, whose husband god Zeus frequently misbehaved (as he did in this case, causing this accident). Greek mythology, on the other hand, considered it to be the path of the souls, while ancient Greek science suggested several scientific explanations, all of which turned out to be false.\r\n\r\nThe Ojibwe in North America, who live to the east of Oregon where this photograph was taken, also consider the Milky Way a Path for Spirits and a River of Souls. Looking at the foreground of the picture, this belief is even more understandable; it looks as if the rivers of Earth and heaven merge at the horizon.\r\n\r\nThe prominent feature in the middle of the image is the dark region called the Pipe Nebula in the Milky Way. The smoke of this pipe goes to the right and ends almost at a treetop, where we find the orange star Antares in the heart of the Scorpion.\r\n\r\nIn the middle of the image, below the Pipe, there is a huge dark area in the Milky Way with two prominent red spots. These spots are hydrogen clouds called the Cat’s Paw and the Lagoon, but in this image they look like the red eyes of great Manitou, the Great Spirit of the Iroquois Native Americans. The constellation of Sagittarius in this area is not recognisable because the image of the Milky Way is highly processed in order to display these dark features that are invisible to the naked eye.",
"alt_text": "Behind a jagged, wooded landscape, the Milky Way appears as two yellowish brown streams of light broken by patchy dark areas",
"credit": "Marcin Zajac/IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "it",
"file_title": "Costa dell'Oregon",
"short_caption": "Costa dell'Oregon",
"caption": "Menzione d'onore al concorso di astrofotografia IAU OAE 2022, categoria Immagini fisse di modelli celesti:.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nQuesta immagine mostra la Via Lattea, la nostra galassia natale, sopra l'Oregon, negli Stati Uniti, vista nel luglio 2021. Si tratta ovviamente di una composizione, perché le stelle non si riflettono nell'acqua. Tuttavia, è ben composta per suggerire una somiglianza tra il flusso d'acqua sulla Terra e il flusso (riflesso) di stelle nel cielo.\r\n\r\nLa Via Lattea domina chiaramente il cielo in questa immagine. Come elemento di spicco del cielo, la Via Lattea è stata associata alle religioni e alle mitologie di molte culture. L'associazione più nota è quella del folklore greco, che la \"spiega\" come un flusso di latte divino della potente dea madre Era, il cui marito, il dio Zeus, si comportava spesso male (come in questo caso, causando questo incidente). La mitologia greca, invece, lo considerava il percorso delle anime, mentre la scienza greca antica proponeva diverse spiegazioni scientifiche, tutte rivelatesi false.\r\n\r\nAnche gli Ojibwe del Nord America, che vivono a est dell'Oregon, dove è stata scattata questa fotografia, considerano la Via Lattea un sentiero per gli spiriti e un fiume di anime. Osservando il primo piano dell'immagine, questa credenza è ancora più comprensibile: sembra che i fiumi della Terra e del cielo si fondano all'orizzonte.\r\n\r\nL'elemento di spicco al centro dell'immagine è la regione scura chiamata Nebulosa della Pipa nella Via Lattea. Il fumo di questa pipa va verso destra e termina quasi in cima a un albero, dove troviamo la stella arancione Antares nel cuore dello Scorpione.\r\n\r\nAl centro dell'immagine, al di sotto della Pipa, c'è un'enorme area scura nella Via Lattea con due macchie rosse prominenti. Queste macchie sono nubi di idrogeno chiamate Zampa di Gatto e Laguna, ma in questa immagine sembrano gli occhi rossi di Manitou, il Grande Spirito dei nativi americani irochesi. La costellazione del Sagittario in quest'area non è riconoscibile perché l'immagine della Via Lattea è altamente elaborata per mostrare queste caratteristiche scure, invisibili ad occhio nudo.",
"alt_text": "Dietro un paesaggio frastagliato e boscoso, la Via Lattea appare come due flussi di luce giallo-ocra rotti da macchie scure.",
"credit": "Marcin Zajac/IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "de",
"file_title": "An der Küste Oregons",
"short_caption": "An der Küste Oregons",
"caption": "Lobende Erwähnung im IAU OAE Astrofoto-Wettbewerb 2022, Kategorie Weitwinkelaufnahmen von Himmelsmustern.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDieses Bild zeigt unsere Heimatgalaxie, die Milchstraße, in einer Aufnahme vom Juli 2021 über Oregon in den USA. Es handelt sich offensichtlich um ein Kompositbild, da sich die Sterne nicht im Wasser spiegeln. Dennoch ist es sehr schön zusammengestellt, um eine Ähnlichkeit zwischen dem strömenden Wasser auf der Erde und dem (gespiegelten) Strom der Sterne am Himmel zu suggerieren.\r\n\r\nDie Milchstraße dominiert eindeutig den Himmel in diesem Bild. Als auffälliges Merkmal am Himmel steht die Milchstraße mit den Religionen und Mythologien vieler Kulturen in Verbindung. Die bekannteste Assoziation aus der griechischen Folklore \"erklärt\" sie als einen Strom göttlicher Milch der mächtigen Göttin Hera, deren Gatte, der Gott Zeus, sich häufig danebenbenahm (wie auch im Vorfeld des Unfalls, der zur Entstehung der Milchstraße führte). Unter griechischen Denkern galt die Milchstraße als Pfad der Seelen, während die antike griechische Wissenschaft eine Reihe von Erklärungen vorschlug, die sich allesamt als falsch erwiesen.\r\n\r\nDie Ojibwe in Nordamerika, die östlich von Oregon leben, wo dieses Foto aufgenommen wurde, betrachten die Milchstraße ebenfalls als einen Weg für Geister und einen Fluss der Seelen. Betrachtet man den Vordergrund des Bildes, wird dieser Glaube noch verständlicher: Es sieht so aus, als ob die Flüsse der Erde und des Himmels am Horizont zusammenfließen.\r\n\r\nDie auffällige Struktur oberhalb der Bildmitte ist eine Dunkelwolke in der Milchstraße, die als Pfeifennebel bezeichnet wird. Der Rauch dieser Pfeife zieht nach rechts und endet fast in einer Baumkrone, wo wir den orangefarbenen Stern Antares im Herzen des Skorpions finden.\r\n\r\nIn der Mitte des Bildes, unterhalb der Pfeife, befindet sich ein großer dunkler Bereich in der Milchstraße mit zwei auffälligen roten Flecken. Bei diesen Flecken handelt es sich um Wasserstoffwolken, die als Katzenpfoten- und Lagunennebel bezeichnet werden, aber auf diesem Bild sehen sie aus wie die roten Augen des großen Manitou, des Großen Geistes der Irokesen. Das Sternbild Schütze ist in diesem Bereich nicht zu erkennen, da das Bild der Milchstraße stark bearbeitet wurde, um die dunklen Merkmale darzustellen, die mit bloßem Auge nicht sichtbar sind.",
"alt_text": "Hinter einer zerklüfteten, bewaldeten Landschaft erscheint die Milchstraße als zwei gelblich-braune Lichtströme",
"credit": "Marcin Zajac/IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "fr",
"file_title": "Côte de l'Oregon",
"short_caption": "Côte de l'Oregon",
"caption": "Mention honorable au concours d'astrophotographie 2022 de l'AIU OAE, catégorie Images fixes de motifs célestes :.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nCette image représente la Voie lactée, notre galaxie d'origine, au-dessus de l'Oregon, aux États-Unis, telle qu'elle a été vue en juillet 2021. Il s'agit manifestement d'une image composite, car les étoiles ne se reflètent pas dans l'eau. Elle est néanmoins joliment composée pour suggérer une similitude entre le courant d'eau sur Terre et le courant d'étoiles (reflété) dans le ciel.\r\n\r\nLa Voie lactée domine clairement le ciel sur cette image. En tant qu'élément dominant du ciel, la Voie lactée a été associée aux religions et aux mythologies dans de nombreuses cultures. L'association la plus connue, issue du folklore grec, l'\"explique\" comme un flux de lait divin provenant de la puissante déesse mère Héra, dont l'époux, le dieu Zeus, se comportait souvent mal (comme il l'a fait dans le cas présent, provoquant cet accident). La mythologie grecque, quant à elle, le considérait comme le chemin des âmes, tandis que la science grecque antique proposait plusieurs explications scientifiques, qui se sont toutes révélées fausses.\r\n\r\nLes Ojibwés d'Amérique du Nord, qui vivent à l'est de l'Oregon où cette photo a été prise, considèrent également la Voie Lactée comme un Chemin pour les Esprits et une Rivière des Âmes. En regardant le premier plan de la photo, cette croyance est encore plus compréhensible : on a l'impression que les rivières de la Terre et du ciel se rejoignent à l'horizon.\r\n\r\nL'élément le plus important au milieu de l'image est la région sombre appelée Nébuleuse de la Pipe dans la Voie lactée. La fumée de cette pipe se dirige vers la droite et se termine presque à la cime d'un arbre, où l'on trouve l'étoile orange Antarès au cœur du Scorpion.\r\n\r\nAu milieu de l'image, sous la Pipe, il y a une énorme zone sombre dans la Voie lactée avec deux taches rouges proéminentes. Ces taches sont des nuages d'hydrogène appelés Patte de Chat et Lagon, mais sur cette image, elles ressemblent aux yeux rouges du grand Manitou, le Grand Esprit des Amérindiens Iroquois. La constellation du Sagittaire dans cette zone n'est pas reconnaissable car l'image de la Voie lactée est hautement traitée afin d'afficher ces caractéristiques sombres qui sont invisibles à l'œil nu.",
"alt_text": "Derrière un paysage boisé et déchiqueté, la Voie Lactée apparaît comme deux flux de lumière brun jaunâtre interrompus par des zones sombres inégales",
"credit": "Marcin Zajac/IAU OAE"
},
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"language_code": "zh-hant",
"file_title": "俄勒岡海岸",
"short_caption": "俄勒岡海岸",
"caption": "2022年國際天文學聯合會天文教育辦公室天文攝影大賽榮譽提名，類別：天體圖案靜態圖像。\r\n\r\n這張照片拍攝的是 2021 年 7 月在美國俄勒岡州上空看到的銀河系（我們的家園星系）。這顯然是一張合成圖，因為星星並沒有倒映在水中。不過，它的構圖很好地暗示了地球上的水流與天空中的星流（鏡像）之間的相似性。\r\n\r\n在這張圖片中，銀河顯然占據了天空的主導地位。作為天空中一個顯著的特徵，銀河與許多文化的宗教和神話有著緊密的聯繫。在希臘民間傳說中，最著名的解釋是將其視為強大的母親女神赫拉（Hera）的神聖乳汁，而她的丈夫宙斯（Zeus）經常行為不端（正如這次事件中，他導致了這一意外）。另一方面，希臘神話認為這是靈魂的路徑，而古希臘科學則提出了幾種科學解釋，但最終都被證明是錯誤的。\r\n\r\n北美洲的奧吉布韋人（Ojibwe）——他們生活在拍攝這張照片的俄勒岡州以東——也將銀河視為靈魂之路和靈魂之河。看著圖片的前景，這種信仰更加容易理解；仿佛地球上的河流與天空中的河流在地平線上融為一體。\r\n\r\n圖片中央的顯著特徵是銀河中被稱為“菸斗星雲”（Pipe Nebula）的暗區。這個菸斗的煙霧向右延伸，幾乎在一棵樹頂處結束，那裡我們找到了天蠍座心臟位置的橙色恆星——心宿二（Antares）。\r\n\r\n在圖片中央，菸斗星雲下方，銀河中有一片巨大的暗區，其中有兩個顯著的紅色斑點。這些斑點是被稱為“貓爪星雲”（Cat’s Paw）和“礁湖星雲”（Lagoon）的氫雲，但在這張圖片中，它們看起來像是易洛魁原住民信仰中的偉大神靈——馬尼圖（Manitou）的紅色眼睛。這片區域的人馬座（Sagittarius）並不明顯，因為銀河的圖像經過了高度處理，以展示這些肉眼無法看到的暗區特徵。",
"alt_text": "在一片參差不齊、繁茂的樹林後面，銀河呈現為兩道黃褐色的光流，被斑駁的暗區所隔斷",
"credit": "Marcin Zajac/IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "zh-hans",
"file_title": "俄勒冈海岸",
"short_caption": "俄勒冈海岸",
"caption": "2022年国际天文学联合会天文教育办公室天文摄影大赛荣誉提名，类别：天体图案静态图像。\r\n\r\n这张照片拍摄的是 2021 年 7 月在美国俄勒冈州上空看到的银河系（我们的家园星系）。这显然是一张合成图，因为星星并没有倒映在水中。不过，它的构图很好地暗示了地球上的水流与天空中的星流（镜像）之间的相似性。\r\n\r\n在这张图片中，银河显然占据了天空的主导地位。作为天空中一个显著的特征，银河与许多文化的宗教和神话有着紧密的联系。在希腊民间传说中，最著名的解释是将其视为强大的母亲女神赫拉（Hera）的神圣乳汁，而她的丈夫宙斯（Zeus）经常行为不端（正如这次事件中，他导致了这一意外）。另一方面，希腊神话认为这是灵魂的路径，而古希腊科学则提出了几种科学解释，但最终都被证明是错误的。\r\n\r\n北美洲的奥吉布韦人（Ojibwe）——他们生活在拍摄这张照片的俄勒冈州以东——也将银河视为灵魂之路和灵魂之河。看着图片的前景，这种信仰更加容易理解；仿佛地球上的河流与天空中的河流在地平线上融为一体。\r\n\r\n图片中央的显著特征是银河中被称为“烟斗星云”（Pipe Nebula）的暗区。这个烟斗的烟雾向右延伸，几乎在一棵树顶处结束，那里我们找到了天蝎座心脏位置的橙色恒星——心宿二（Antares）。\r\n\r\n在图片中央，烟斗星云下方，银河中有一片巨大的暗区，其中有两个显著的红色斑点。这些斑点是被称为“猫爪星云”（Cat’s Paw）和“礁湖星云”（Lagoon）的氢云，但在这张图片中，它们看起来像是易洛魁原住民信仰中的伟大神灵——马尼图（Manitou）的红色眼睛。这片区域的人马座（Sagittarius）并不明显，因为银河的图像经过了高度处理，以展示这些肉眼无法看到的暗区特征。",
"alt_text": "在一片参差不齐、繁茂的树林后面，银河呈现为两道黄褐色的光流，被斑驳的暗区所隔断",
"credit": "Marcin Zajac/IAU OAE"
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"short_caption": "Teide Observatory",
"caption": "Honourable mention in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of celestial patterns.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nTaken in May 2022 in Teide National Park in Tenerife, Spain, this image shows the arc of the Milky Way galaxy crossing the sky, accompanied by prominent constellations over the professional telescopes located on the mountains of that island. While the telescopes and the people working with them may ignore the constellations, the photographer managed to catch the Milky Way in such a way that it almost matches the shape of the mountain.\r\n\r\nThe bright star in the top-left side of the image is Vega, one of the brightest stars in the night sky and located in the small constellation Lyra. Being a white star, it is the standard star astrophysicists use to define the colour scale. As it is also a relatively close star, only about 25 light-years away, with a relatively simple name, it frequently appears in modern science fiction, for example in Carl Sagan’s famous novel “Contact”, which was filmed in 1997 with Jodie Foster starring as a radio astronomer.\r\n\r\nThe bright star seen below the galaxy and on the left half of the image is Altair, also one of the brightest stars in the night sky and located in the constellation Aquila. Together with Deneb — a star in the constellation Cygnus (the Swan) that is not visible in this image — Altair and Vega form the Summer Triangle, a characteristic asterism of popular astronomy in the northern hemisphere, where these telescopes are located.\r\n\r\nOn the right side of the image we can see the constellation Scorpius. This is easily identified by its brightest star, Antares, the reddish star in the Scorpion’s heart. Below it, the whole body and tail of the Scorpion can be found and above it the celestial Scorpion's head is represented by three bright bluish stars. Below the tail and above the horizon, the constellation of Ara, the Altar, is half-visible, but like all the stars of Sagittarius in the Milky Way and the much fainter ones in Hercules and Ophiuchus above it, these constellations are more difficult to pinpoint in this photograph full of stars. The head of Ophiuchus is the relatively bright star in the middle between Vega and Antares. In addition to the huge size of this constellation, it is also important because it is the thirteenth one of the Zodiac, and the Sun spends roughly three weeks in Ophiuchus, after only five days in Scorpius. Furthermore, Ophiuchus represents the model for the mythological best doctor in the world, called Asklepios in Greek mythology, and Aesculab in Latin. His constellation praises all people working in medical professions, including nurses, pharmacists and doctors.",
"alt_text": "Several observatory domes on a mountain top with the arching Milky Way behind.",
"credit": "Curd-Christian Tengeler/IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "it",
"file_title": "Osservatorio del Teide",
"short_caption": "Osservatorio del Teide",
"caption": "Menzione d'onore al concorso di astrofotografia IAU OAE 2022, categoria Immagini fisse di modelli celesti.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nScattata nel maggio 2022 nel Parco Nazionale del Teide a Tenerife, in Spagna, questa immagine mostra l'arco della galassia della Via Lattea che attraversa il cielo, accompagnato da importanti costellazioni sopra i telescopi professionali situati sulle montagne dell'isola. Mentre i telescopi e le persone che vi lavorano possono ignorare le costellazioni, il fotografo è riuscito a catturare la Via Lattea in modo tale da farla quasi coincidere con la forma della montagna.\r\n\r\nLa stella luminosa in alto a sinistra dell'immagine è Vega, una delle stelle più luminose del cielo notturno, situata nella piccola costellazione della Lira. Essendo una stella bianca, è la stella standard che gli astrofisici utilizzano per definire la scala dei colori. Essendo anche una stella relativamente vicina, distante solo circa 25 anni luce, e con un nome relativamente semplice, compare spesso nella fantascienza moderna, ad esempio nel famoso romanzo di Carl Sagan \"Contact\", che è stato girato nel 1997 con Jodie Foster nel ruolo di una radioastronoma.\r\n\r\nLa stella luminosa che si vede sotto la galassia e nella metà sinistra dell'immagine è Altair, anch'essa una delle stelle più luminose del cielo notturno, situata nella costellazione dell'Aquila. Insieme a Deneb - una stella della costellazione di Cygnus (il Cigno) che non è visibile in questa immagine - Altair e Vega formano il Triangolo estivo, un asterismo caratteristico dell'astronomia popolare dell'emisfero settentrionale, dove si trovano questi telescopi.\r\n\r\nSul lato destro dell'immagine è visibile la costellazione dello Scorpione. Questa è facilmente identificabile per la sua stella più luminosa, Antares, la stella rossastra nel cuore dello Scorpione. Sotto di essa si trovano l'intero corpo e la coda dello Scorpione e al di sopra la testa celeste dello Scorpione è rappresentata da tre stelle luminose di colore bluastro. Sotto la coda e sopra l'orizzonte, la costellazione dell'Ara, l'Altare, è semi-visibile, ma come tutte le stelle del Sagittario nella Via Lattea e quelle molto più deboli di Ercole e Ofiuco sopra di essa, tali costellazioni sono più difficili da individuare in questa fotografia piena di stelle. La testa dell'Ofiuco è la stella relativamente luminosa al centro tra Vega e Antares. Oltre alle enormi dimensioni di questa costellazione, è importante anche perché è la tredicesima dello Zodiaco e il Sole trascorre circa tre settimane in Ofiuco, dopo soli cinque giorni in Scorpione. Inoltre, Ofiuco rappresenta il modello del migliore medico mitologico del mondo, chiamato Asclepio nella mitologia greca, ed Esculapio in latino. La sua costellazione elogia tutte le persone che svolgono professioni mediche, compresi infermieri, farmacisti e medici.",
"alt_text": "Diverse cupole di osservatori sulla cima di una montagna con la Via Lattea alle spalle.",
"credit": "Curd-Christian Tengeler/IAU OAU"
},
{
"language_code": "de",
"file_title": "Teide-Observatorium",
"short_caption": "Teide-Observatorium",
"caption": "Lobende Erwähnung beim IAU OAE Astrofoto-Wettbewerb 2022, Kategorie Weitwinkelaufnahmen von Himmelsmustern.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDieses im Mai 2022 im Teide-Nationalpark auf Teneriffa in Spanien aufgenommene Bild zeigt das Band der Milchstraße, das begleitet von markanten Sternbildern über den professionellen Teleskopen auf den Bergen der Insel den Himmel durchquert. Während die Teleskope und die Menschen, die mit ihnen arbeiten, die Sternbilder vielleicht ignorieren, ist es dem Fotografen gelungen, die Milchstraße so einzufangen, dass sie fast der Form des Bergkamms entspricht.\r\n\r\nDer helle Stern oben links im Bild ist Wega im kleinen Sternbild Leier (lat. Lyra), einer der hellsten Sterne am Nachthimmel. Da die Wega ein weißer Stern ist, verwenden Astronom*innen sie als Standardstern zur Definition der Farbskala. Sie ist mit einer Entfernung von nur 25 Lichtjahren auch ein relativ naher Stern und hat einen vergleichsweise einfachen Namen. Deshalb taucht sie häufig in moderner Science Fiction auf, zum Beispiel in Carl Sagans berühmtem Roman \"Contact\", der 1997 mit Jodie Foster in der Rolle der Radioastronomin Ellie Arroway verfilmt wurde.\r\n\r\nDer helle Stern unterhalb der Milchstraße in der linken Bildhälfte ist Altair im Sternbild Adler (lat. Aquila), ebenfalls einer der hellsten Sterne am Nachthimmel. Zusammen mit Deneb - einem Stern im Sternbild Schwan (lat. Cygnus), der auf diesem Bild nicht zu sehen ist - bilden Altair und Wega das Sommerdreieck, ein charakteristischer Asterismus auf der Nordhalbkugel, wo sich auch diese Teleskope befinden.\r\n\r\nAuf der rechten Seite des Bildes befindet sich das Sternbild Skorpion (lat. Scorpius), das leicht an seinem hellsten Stern Antares, dem rötlichen Stern im Herzen des Skorpions, zu erkennen ist. Darunter befinden sich der gesamte Körper und der Schwanz des Skorpions, darüber wird der Kopf des Skorpions durch drei helle bläuliche Sterne dargestellt. Unterhalb des Schwanzes und oberhalb des Horizonts ist das Sternbild Altar (lat. Ara) halb sichtbar, aber wie alle Sterne des Schützen (lat. Sagittarius) in der Milchstraße und die viel schwächeren des Herkules und des Schlangenträgers (lat. Ophiuchus) darüber, sind diese Sternbilder auf einem Foto voller Sterne wie diesem schwieriger zu erkennen. Der Kopf des Schlangenträgers ist der relativ helle Stern in der Mitte zwischen Wega und Antares. Abgesehen von der enormen Größe dieses Sternbilds ist es auch deshalb wichtig, weil es das dreizehnte Sternbild des Tierkreises ist und sich die Sonne etwa drei Wochen darin aufhält, nachdem sie nur fünf Tage im Skorpion verbracht hat. Außerdem ist der Schlangenträger das Vorbild für den mythologischen besten Arzt der Welt, der im Griechischen Asklepios und im Lateinischen Äskulap genannt wird. Das Sternbild würdigt alle Menschen, die in medizinischen Berufen arbeiten, einschließlich Krankenpfleger*innen, Apotheker*innen und Ärzt*innen.",
"alt_text": "Mehrere Sternwartenkuppeln auf einer Bergkette mit der sich wölbenden Milchstraße im Hintergrund.",
"credit": "Curd-Christian Tengeler/IAU OAU"
},
{
"language_code": "bn",
"file_title": "টেইড অবজারভেটরি",
"short_caption": "টেইড অবজারভেটরি",
"caption": "২০২২ আইএইউ ওএই অ্যাস্ট্রোফটোগ্রাফি প্রতিযোগিতায় সম্মানজনক উল্লেখ, স্বর্গীয় নিদর্শনের স্থির চিত্র।\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n২০২২ সালের মে মাসে স্পেনের টেনেরিফের টেইডে ন্যাশনাল পার্কে তোলা, এই চিত্রটি সেই দ্বীপের পাহাড়ে অবস্থিত পেশাদার টেলিস্কোপের উপর বিশিষ্ট নক্ষত্রপুঞ্জের সাথে আকাশ পেরিয়ে আকাশগঙ্গা ছায়াপথের চাপ দেখায়। যদিও টেলিস্কোপ এবং তাদের সাথে কাজ করা লোকেরা নক্ষত্রপুঞ্জকে উপেক্ষা করতে পারে, ফটোগ্রাফার এমনভাবে মিল্কিওয়ে ধরতে সক্ষম হন যে এটি প্রায় পাহাড়ের আকারের সাথে মিলে যায়।\r\n\r\nছবিটির উপরের-বাম দিকের উজ্জ্বল নক্ষত্রটি হল ভেগা, রাতের আকাশের সবচেয়ে উজ্জ্বল নক্ষত্রগুলির মধ্যে একটি এবং ছোট তারামণ্ডল লিরাতে অবস্থিত৷ একটি সাদা নক্ষত্র হওয়ায়, এটি হল স্ট্যান্ডার্ড তারকা জ্যোতির্পদার্থবিদরা রঙের স্কেল নির্ধারণ করতে ব্যবহার করেন। যেহেতু এটি একটি অপেক্ষাকৃত কাছাকাছি নক্ষত্র, মাত্র ২৫ আলোকবর্ষ দূরে, একটি অপেক্ষাকৃত সহজ নাম সহ, এটি প্রায়শই আধুনিক বিজ্ঞান কল্পকাহিনীতে দেখা যায়, উদাহরণস্বরূপ কার্ল সেগানের বিখ্যাত উপন্যাস \"যোগাযোগ\" এ, যা ১৯৭৭ সালে জোডি ফস্টারের সাথে চিত্রায়িত হয়েছিল একজন রেডিও জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানী হিসেবে অভিনয় করছেন।\r\n\r\nছায়াপথের নীচে এবং চিত্রের বাম অর্ধে দেখা উজ্জ্বল নক্ষত্রটি হল আলটেয়ার, এটি রাতের আকাশের সবচেয়ে উজ্জ্বল নক্ষত্রগুলির মধ্যে একটি এবং অ্যাকিলা নক্ষত্রে অবস্থিত। ডেনেবের সাথে একসাথে — সিগনাস নক্ষত্রের একটি নক্ষত্র (হাঁস) যা এই ছবিতে দৃশ্যমান নয় — আলটেয়ার এবং ভেগা গ্রীষ্মকালীন ত্রিভুজ গঠন করে, উত্তর গোলার্ধে জনপ্রিয় জ্যোতির্বিদ্যার একটি বৈশিষ্ট্যগত নক্ষত্রবিদ্যা, যেখানে এই টেলিস্কোপগুলি অবস্থিত।\r\n\r\nছবিটির ডানদিকে আমরা বৃশ্চিক নক্ষত্রমণ্ডল দেখতে পাচ্ছি। এটি সহজেই তার উজ্জ্বল নক্ষত্র, আন্টারেস, বৃশ্চিকের হৃদয়ে লালচে তারা দ্বারা চিহ্নিত করা যায়। এর নীচে, বৃশ্চিকের পুরো শরীর এবং লেজ পাওয়া যেতে পারে এবং এর উপরে আকাশী বৃশ্চিকের মাথা তিনটি উজ্জ্বল নীল তারা দ্বারা প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে। লেজের নীচে এবং দিগন্তের উপরে, আরা নক্ষত্রমণ্ডল, বেদীটি অর্ধ-দৃশ্যমান, তবে আকাশগঙ্গার ধনু রাশির সমস্ত নক্ষত্র এবং তার উপরে হারকিউলিস এবং ওফিউকাসের অনেক ক্ষীণ নক্ষত্রের মতো, এই নক্ষত্রমণ্ডলগুলি আরও কঠিন। তারা পূর্ণ এই ফটোগ্রাফে pinpoint. ওফিউকাসের মাথাটি ভেগা এবং আন্টারেসের মাঝখানে অপেক্ষাকৃত উজ্জ্বল নক্ষত্র। এই নক্ষত্রমণ্ডলের বিশাল আকারের পাশাপাশি, এটিও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কারণ এটি রাশিচক্রের ত্রয়োদশতম এবং সূর্য বৃশ্চিকে মাত্র পাঁচ দিন পর ওফিউকাসে প্রায় তিন সপ্তাহ কাটায়। অধিকন্তু, ওফিউকাস বিশ্বের পৌরাণিক সেরা ডাক্তারের মডেলের প্রতিনিধিত্ব করেন, যাকে গ্রীক পুরাণে আসক্লেপিয়স বলা হয় এবং ল্যাটিন ভাষায় এস্কুলাব বলা হয়। তার নক্ষত্র নার্স, ফার্মাসিস্ট এবং ডাক্তার সহ চিকিৎসা পেশায় কর্মরত সমস্ত লোকের প্রশংসা করে।",
"alt_text": "একটি পাহাড়ের চূড়ায় বেশ কয়েকটি মানমন্দির গম্বুজ, পিছনে খিলান আকাশগঙ্গা।",
"credit": "দই-খ্রিস্টান টেঙ্গেলার/আইএইউ ওএই"
},
{
"language_code": "zh-hant",
"file_title": "泰德天文臺",
"short_caption": "泰德天文臺",
"caption": "在2022年IAU OAE天文攝影大賽中，榮獲“天體圖案靜態圖像”類別榮譽提名。\r\n\r\n這張照片拍攝於2022年5月，地點在西班牙特內裡費島的泰德國家公園。照片中，銀河的弧線橫跨天際，與島上山脈上專業望遠鏡上空的顯赫星座交相輝映。儘管望遠鏡和其工作人員或許對星座視而不見，攝影師卻巧妙捕捉到了銀河，其形態幾乎與山脈的輪廓相吻合。\r\n\r\n照片左上方的亮星是織女星，它是夜空中最亮的星星之一，位於小巧的天琴座中。作為一顆白色恆星，它是天體物理學家定義顏色標尺的標準星。由於它距離地球相對較近，僅約25光年，且擁有一個相對簡單的名字，織女星頻繁出現在現代科幻作品中，例如卡爾·薩根所著的著名小說《接觸》，該小說於1997年被搬上銀幕，由朱迪·福斯特飾演一位射電天文學家。\r\n\r\n在銀河系下方、照片左側看到的亮星是牽牛星，它同樣是夜空中最亮的星星之一，位於天鷹座。它與天鵝座中的天津四（在這張照片中不可見）以及織女星一起構成了夏季大三角，這是這些望遠鏡所在的北半球流行的天文學中的一個特徵星群\r\n\r\n在照片的右側，我們可以看到天蠍座。通過其最亮的星星心宿二，即天蠍心臟部位的紅色星星，可以輕易辨認出它。在心宿二下方，可以找到天蠍的整個身體和尾巴，而在其上方，天蠍的頭部由三顆明亮的藍色星星代表。在尾巴下方和地平線上方，天壇座半隱半現，但就像銀河中的人馬座和其上方的武仙座與蛇夫座中更暗淡的星星一樣，這些星座在這張充滿星星的照片中更難辨認。蛇夫座的頭部是位於織女星和心宿二之間相對較亮的星星。除了這個星座的巨大尺寸外，它之所以重要，還因為它是黃道十三星座之一，太陽在蛇夫座中度過大約三周時間，而在天蠍座中僅度過五天。此外，蛇夫座代表了神話中世界上最好的醫生的模型，在希臘神話中被稱為阿斯克勒庇俄斯，在拉丁語中被稱為埃斯庫拉庇烏斯。他的星座讚美了所有從事醫療職業的人，包括護士、藥劑師和醫生。",
"alt_text": "山頂上幾座天文臺的圓頂，背後是弧形的銀河。",
"credit": "Curd-Christian Tengeler/IAU OAU"
},
{
"language_code": "zh-hans",
"file_title": "泰德天文台",
"short_caption": "泰德天文台",
"caption": "在2022年IAU OAE天文摄影大赛中，荣获“天体图案静态图像”类别荣誉提名。\r\n\r\n这张照片拍摄于2022年5月，地点在西班牙特内里费岛的泰德国家公园。照片中，银河的弧线横跨天际，与岛上山脉上专业望远镜上空的显赫星座交相辉映。尽管望远镜和其工作人员或许对星座视而不见，摄影师却巧妙捕捉到了银河，其形态几乎与山脉的轮廓相吻合。\r\n\r\n照片左上方的亮星是织女星，它是夜空中最亮的星星之一，位于小巧的天琴座中。作为一颗白色恒星，它是天体物理学家定义颜色标尺的标准星。由于它距离地球相对较近，仅约25光年，且拥有一个相对简单的名字，织女星频繁出现在现代科幻作品中，例如卡尔·萨根所著的著名小说《接触》，该小说于1997年被搬上银幕，由朱迪·福斯特饰演一位射电天文学家。\r\n\r\n在银河系下方、照片左侧看到的亮星是牵牛星，它同样是夜空中最亮的星星之一，位于天鹰座。它与天鹅座中的天津四（在这张照片中不可见）以及织女星一起构成了夏季大三角，这是这些望远镜所在的北半球流行的天文学中的一个特征星群\r\n\r\n在照片的右侧，我们可以看到天蝎座。通过其最亮的星星心宿二，即天蝎心脏部位的红色星星，可以轻易辨认出它。在心宿二下方，可以找到天蝎的整个身体和尾巴，而在其上方，天蝎的头部由三颗明亮的蓝色星星代表。在尾巴下方和地平线上方，天坛座半隐半现，但就像银河中的人马座和其上方的武仙座与蛇夫座中更暗淡的星星一样，这些星座在这张充满星星的照片中更难辨认。蛇夫座的头部是位于织女星和心宿二之间相对较亮的星星。除了这个星座的巨大尺寸外，它之所以重要，还因为它是黄道十三星座之一，太阳在蛇夫座中度过大约三周时间，而在天蝎座中仅度过五天。此外，蛇夫座代表了神话中世界上最好的医生的模型，在希腊神话中被称为阿斯克勒庇俄斯，在拉丁语中被称为埃斯库拉庇乌斯。他的星座赞美了所有从事医疗职业的人，包括护士、药剂师和医生。",
"alt_text": "山顶上几座天文台的圆顶，背后是弧形的银河。",
"credit": "Curd-Christian Tengeler/IAU OAU"
}
]
},
{
"file_title": "The Hunter in the Forest",
"file_type": "img",
"record_url": "https://astro4edu.org/resources/media/0v89mb92aJ98/",
"file_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/7425601/files/Honourable%20mention%20in%20the%202022%20IAU%20OAE%20Astrophotography%20Contest%2C%20category%20Still%20images%20of%20celestial%20patterns%3A%20The%20Hunter%20in%20the%20Forest%2C%20by%20Rene%20Antonio%20Urroz%20Alvarez.jpg",
"file_additional_format_file": null,
"doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7425601",
"credit_url": null,
"license": "CC-BY-4.0",
"license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en",
"media_file_language": null,
"media_file_script": null,
"media_file_language_country": null,
"glossary_terms": [
66,
467
],
"categories": [
"Naked Eye Astronomy",
"Stars"
],
"category_ids": [
4,
2
],
"big_ideas": [],
"big_ideas_subidea": [
"1.2"
],
"big_ideas_subidea_ids": [
2
],
"captions": [
{
"language_code": "en",
"file_title": null,
"short_caption": "The Hunter in the Forest",
"caption": "Honourable mention in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of celestial patterns.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nTaken in December 2016, this image shows a clear and starry sky over the Masaya Volcano National Park in Nicaragua.\r\n\r\nThe constellation Orion is the most prominent pattern in this image. Orion is associated with a great hunter according to Greek culture, and is seen here right in the middle. The reddish star in the centre is Betelgeuse, the second-brightest in this constellation and one of the brightest in the night sky. Above and to the right of Betelgeuse we find Bellatrix, another bright star, forming the right shoulder of the hunter. Extending a line from Bellatrix to the right, we find a crookedly aligned group of faint stars comprising Orion’s bow. We can also easily see a group of three aligned bright stars forming the belt of the hunter, an asterism recognised by many different cultures. Just below his belt we can see the silverish glittering that was interpreted as the metal of Orion’s sword or knife by the Greco-Roman tradition. It was alternatively interpreted as a fish roasted on a campfire by some cultures in Australia. In its centre, with binoculars we can see the Small and the Great Orion Nebula, together forming a giant cloud of dust and gas where new stars are being formed. To the lower-left of the silverish compound of tiny stars and nebulae, there is a bright star called Saiph, the Arabic term for “Sword” or “Sabre” because it was considered the tip of a huge knife with a curved upper part. To the right of this, there is the bright bluish star Rigel, an Arabic term which designates it as The Foot of Orion.\r\n\r\nOrion’s Belt points up towards Aldebaran at the edge of the photograph and down towards Sirius among the branches of the trees; it is the brightest star in the night sky and is located in the constellation Canis Major. Earth’s atmosphere makes the bright Sirius twinkle in all colours. Seen from space it is pure white, but as its light travels through the air, it is scattered and distorted by the molecules. Therefore, the star appears to change colour like a diamond.\r\n\r\nA line connecting the two shoulders of Orion points to another bright star in the lower-left corner of the photograph. This is Procyon, located in the constellation Canis Minor. Procyon has been used by the ancient Babylonians to indicate the heliacal rise of Cancer (whose stars are faint, and invisible in twilight) and to predict the rising of Sirius. Thus, for a very long time in ancient history Procyon was considered a single-star asterism. Perhaps only in Roman times were more stars used to create a constellation in this area of the sky, although this constellation has never been clearly recognisable.",
"alt_text": "Through tree branches we see the hourglass shape of Orion.",
"credit": "René Antonio Urroz Álvarez/IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "it",
"file_title": "Il cacciatore nella foresta",
"short_caption": "Il cacciatore nella foresta",
"caption": "Menzione d'onore al concorso di astrofotografia IAU OAE 2022, categoria Immagini fisse di modelli celesti.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nScattata nel dicembre 2016, questa immagine mostra un cielo limpido e stellato sopra il Parco Nazionale del Vulcano Masaya, in Nicaragua.\r\n\r\nLa costellazione di Orione è il disegno più evidente in questa immagine. Secondo la cultura greca, Orione è associato a un grande cacciatore e qui si vede proprio al centro. La stella rossastra al centro è Betelgeuse, la seconda più luminosa di questa costellazione e una delle più luminose del cielo notturno. Sopra e a destra di Betelgeuse troviamo Bellatrix, un'altra stella luminosa, che forma la spalla destra del cacciatore. Estendendo una linea da Bellatrix verso destra, troviamo un gruppo di stelle deboli male allineate che costituiscono l'arco di Orione. Possiamo anche vedere facilmente un gruppo di tre stelle luminose allineate che formano la cintura del cacciatore, un asterismo riconosciuto da molte culture diverse. Appena sotto la cintura si può notare lo scintillio argenteo che la tradizione greco-romana interpretava come il metallo della spada o del coltello di Orione. In alternativa, alcune culture australiane l'hanno interpretato come un pesce arrostito su un falò. Al centro, con un binocolo, si possono vedere la Piccola e la Grande Nebulosa di Orione, che insieme formano una gigantesca nube di polvere e gas dove si stanno formando nuove stelle. In basso a sinistra del composto argenteo di piccole stelle e nebulose, c'è una stella luminosa chiamata Saiph, termine arabo per \"Spada\" o \"Sciabola\" perché era considerata la punta di un enorme coltello con la parte superiore ricurva. A destra di questa, si trova la luminosa stella bluastra Rigel, un termine arabo che la designa come il Piede di Orione.\r\n\r\nLa Cintura di Orione punta verso l'alto in direzione di Aldebaran ai margini della fotografia e verso il basso in direzione di Sirio tra i rami degli alberi; è la stella più luminosa del cielo notturno e si trova nella costellazione del Cane Maggiore. L'atmosfera terrestre fa scintillare la luminosa Sirio in tutti i colori. Vista dallo spazio è bianca candida, ma quando la sua luce viaggia attraverso l'aria, viene dispersa e distorta dalle molecole. Pertanto, la stella sembra cambiare colore come un diamante.\r\n\r\nUna linea che collega le due spalle di Orione indica un'altra stella luminosa nell'angolo in basso a sinistra della fotografia. Si tratta di Procione, situata nella costellazione del Cane Minore. Procione è stata usata dagli antichi Babilonesi per indicare la levata eliaca del Cancro (le cui stelle sono deboli e invisibili al crepuscolo) e per prevedere il sorgere di Sirio. Pertanto, per molto tempo nella storia antica Procione è stato considerato un asterismo a una sola stella. Forse solo in epoca romana furono utilizzate più stelle per creare una costellazione in questa zona del cielo, anche se questa costellazione non è mai stata chiaramente riconoscibile.",
"alt_text": "Attraverso i rami degli alberi vediamo la forma a clessidra di Orione.",
"credit": "René Antonio Urroz Álvarez/IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "de",
"file_title": "Der Jäger im Wald",
"short_caption": "Der Jäger im Wald",
"caption": "Lobende Erwähnung beim IAU OAE Astrofoto-Wettbewerb 2022, Kategorie Weitwinkelaufnahmen von Himmelsmustern.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDas Sternbild Orion ist das auffälligste Sternmuster in diesem Bild. Orion wird in der griechischen Kultur mit einem großen Jäger assoziiert und befindet sich genau in der Mitte des Bildes. Der rötliche Stern rechts der Bildmitte ist Beteigeuze, der zweithellste Stern in diesem Sternbild und mit einer der hellsten Sterne am Nachthimmel. Rechts oberhalb von Beteigeuze befindet sich Bellatrix, ein weiterer heller Stern, der die rechte Schulter des Jägers bildet. Geht man von Bellatrix nach rechts, stößt man auf eine Gruppe schwacher Sterne entlang einer gekrümmten Linie, die den Bogen des Orion bilden. Leichter zu erkennen ist eine Gruppe von drei hellen Sternen, die den Gürtel des Jägers bilden, ein Asterismus, der in vielen verschiedenen Kulturen eine Bedeutung hat. Direkt unter dem Gürtel sehen wir einen silbrigen Schimmer, der in der griechisch-römischen Tradition als das Metall von Orions Schwert oder als Messer interpretiert wurde. In einigen Kulturen Australiens gilt es stattdessen als ein über einem Lagerfeuer gebratener Fisch. Mit einem Fernglas können wir in seinem Zentrum den Kleinen und den Großen Orionnebel erkennen, die zusammen eine riesige Gas- und Staubwolke bilden, in der neue Sterne entstehen. Links unterhalb des silbrigen Schimmers aus winzigen Sternen und Nebeln befindet sich ein heller Stern namens Saiph, der arabische Begriff für \"Schwert\" oder \"Säbel\", da er als Spitze eines riesigen Messers mit einem gebogenen oberen Teil angesehen wurde. Rechts davon befindet sich der helle bläuliche Stern Rigel, ein arabischer Begriff, der \"Fuß des Orion\" bedeutet.\r\n\r\nDer Gürtel des Orion zeigt nach oben zu Aldebaran am Bildrand und nach unten zu Sirius zwischen den Ästen der Bäume. Sirius ist der hellste Stern am Nachthimmel und befindet sich im Sternbild Großer Hund (lat. Canis Major). Die Erdatmosphäre lässt den hellen Sirius in allen Farben schillern. Vom Weltraum aus gesehen ist er rein weiß, aber auf seinem Weg durch die Luft wird sein Licht von den Molekülen gestreut und verzerrt. Daher scheint der Stern seine Farbe wie ein funkelnder Diamant zu wechseln.\r\n\r\nEine Linie, die die beiden Schultern des Orion verbindet, weist auf einen weiteren hellen Stern in der unteren linken Ecke des Fotos hin. Es handelt sich dabei um Procyon im Sternbild Kleiner Hund (lat. Canis Minor). Procyon wurde von den alten Babyloniern als Zeiger für den heliakischen Aufgang des Krebses verwendet (dessen Sterne schwach und in der Dämmerung unsichtbar sind) und um den Aufgang des Sirius vorherzusagen. Daher wurde Procyon in der Antike lange Zeit als Einzelsternbild betrachtet. Vermutlich erst in der römischen Zeit wurden mehr Sterne verwendet, um ein Sternbild in diesem Bereich des Himmels zu schaffen, obwohl dieses Sternbild nie klar erkennbar war.",
"alt_text": "Die Sanduhrform des Sternbilds Orion am Himmel, im Vordergrund kahle Äste von Bäumen.",
"credit": "René Antonio Urroz Álvarez/IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "fr",
"file_title": "Le chasseur dans la forêt",
"short_caption": "Le chasseur dans la forêt",
"caption": "Mention honorable au Concours d'Astrophotographie 2022 de l'UAI OAE, catégorie Images fixes de motifs célestes.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPrise en décembre 2016, cette image montre un ciel clair et étoilé au-dessus du parc national du volcan Masaya au Nicaragua.\r\n\r\nLa constellation d'Orion est le motif le plus visible sur cette image. Orion est associé à un grand chasseur selon la culture grecque, et est vu ici en plein milieu de l'image. L'étoile rougeâtre au centre est Bételgeuse, la deuxième étoile plus brillante de cette constellation et l'une des plus brillantes du ciel nocturne. Au-dessus et à droite de Bételgeuse se trouve Bellatrix, une autre étoile brillante, qui forme l'épaule droite du chasseur. En prolongeant une ligne à partir de Bellatrix vers la droite, nous trouvons un groupe d'étoiles faibles formant une courbe, associée à l'arc d'Orion. Nous pouvons également voir facilement un groupe de trois étoiles brillantes alignées formant la ceinture du chasseur, un astérisme reconnu par de nombreuses cultures différentes. Juste en dessous de la ceinture, on peut voir le scintillement argenté qui a été interprété comme le métal de l'épée ou du couteau d'Orion par la tradition gréco-romaine. Certaines cultures australiennes l'ont également interprété comme un poisson rôti sur un feu de camp. En son centre, avec des jumelles, on peut voir la Petite et la Grande Nébuleuse d'Orion, qui forment ensemble un gigantesque nuage de poussière et de gaz où de nouvelles étoiles sont en train de se former. En bas à gauche de l'ensemble argenté de minuscules étoiles et de nébuleuses, se trouve une étoile brillante appelée Saiph, terme arabe signifiant \"épée\" ou \"sabre\", car elle était considérée comme la pointe d'un énorme couteau à la partie supérieure recourbée. À sa droite se trouve l'étoile bleuâtre Rigel, un terme arabe qui désigne le pied (ici, celui d'Orion).\r\n\r\nLa ceinture d'Orion pointe vers Aldébaran au bord de la photo et vers Sirius entre les branches des arbres ; c'est l'étoile la plus brillante du ciel nocturne et elle est située dans la constellation Canis Major. L'atmosphère terrestre fait scintiller Sirius de toutes les couleurs. Vue de l'espace, elle est d'un blanc pur, mais lorsque sa lumière traverse l'air, elle est diffusée et déformée par les molécules. C'est pourquoi l'étoile semble changer de couleur comme un diamant.\r\n\r\nUne ligne reliant les deux épaules d'Orion pointe vers une autre étoile brillante dans le coin inférieur gauche de la photo. Il s'agit de Procyon, située dans la constellation Canis Minor. Procyon a été utilisée par les anciens Babyloniens pour indiquer le lever héliaque du Cancer (dont les étoiles sont faibles et invisibles au crépuscule) et pour prédire le lever de Sirius. Ainsi, pendant très longtemps dans l'histoire ancienne, Procyon a été considérée comme un astérisme à une seule étoile. Ce n'est peut-être qu'à l'époque romaine qu'un plus grand nombre d'étoiles ont été utilisées pour créer une constellation dans cette région du ciel, bien que cette constellation n'ait jamais été clairement reconnaissable.",
"alt_text": "À travers les branches des arbres, nous voyons la forme en sablier d'Orion.",
"credit": "René Antonio Urroz Álvarez/IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "zh-hant",
"file_title": "林中獵戶",
"short_caption": "林中獵戶",
"caption": "2022年國際天文學聯合會（IAU）OAE天文攝影比賽靜態天體圖案類別榮譽獎作品。\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n這張照片拍攝於2016年12月，展現了尼加拉瓜馬薩亞火山國家公園上空晴朗的星空。\r\n\r\n在這張照片中，最引人注目的是獵戶座。在古希臘文化中，獵戶座象徵著一位偉大的獵人，此刻它正高懸天穹中央。中間那顆泛紅的恆星是參宿四，它是該星座第二亮星，也是夜空中最明亮的恆星之一。在參宿四的右上方，我們能看到另一顆亮星參宿五，構成獵戶的右肩。從參宿五向右延伸，可見一組排列彎曲的暗星群，這被解讀為獵戶的弓箭。我們還能清晰看到三顆連珠的亮星，它們組成了獵戶的腰帶，這個星群被眾多文明所共認。在腰帶下方，一片區域銀輝閃爍。在古希臘古羅馬的傳統中，它被解讀為獵戶的寶劍或匕首所泛出的金屬光澤；而在澳大利亞某些原住民文化中，它則被視為篝火上炙烤的魚。用雙筒望遠鏡指向它的中心，我們可以看到獵戶座小星雲和獵戶座大星雲，它們共同組成了一個巨大的塵埃和氣體雲，新的恆星正在那裡形成。在由小恆星和星雲所組成的銀輝的左下方，一顆亮星熠熠生輝，那就是參宿六，其英文名為Saiph，出自阿拉伯語“劍刃”一詞，因為古人視其為弧形巨刃的尖端。其右側的藍白色亮星是參宿七，其英文名為Rigel，出自阿拉伯語“獵戶之足”一詞。\r\n\r\n獵戶座腰帶三星的連線向上延伸，則指向照片邊緣的畢宿五；向下延伸，則指向樹枝間的天狼星——夜空中最亮的恆星，位於大犬座。地球的大氣層讓明亮的天狼星閃爍著各種色彩。從太空中看到的天狼星是純白色的，但當它的光線穿過空氣時，會被分子散射和扭曲。因此，天狼星看起來會像鑽石一樣變色。\r\n\r\n獵戶座兩肩的連線指向照片左下角的另一顆亮星——位於小犬座的南河三。古巴比倫人曾用它來指示巨蟹座（其星光暗淡，在黃昏時看不見）的偕日昇，並預測天狼星的升起。因此，在古代歷史上的很長一段時間裡，南河三始終作為單星的星群而存在。也許直至羅馬時代，天文學家纔在這片天區挑出其他恆星來構建星座，儘管這個星座從不清晰可辨。",
"alt_text": "透過樹枝，我們看到了獵戶座的沙漏形狀。",
"credit": "René Antonio Urroz Álvarez/IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "zh-hans",
"file_title": "林中猎户",
"short_caption": "林中猎户",
"caption": "2022年国际天文学联合会（IAU）OAE天文摄影比赛静态天体图案类别荣誉奖作品。\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n这张照片拍摄于2016年12月，展现了尼加拉瓜马萨亚火山国家公园上空晴朗的星空。\r\n\r\n在这张照片中，最引人注目的是猎户座。在古希腊文化中，猎户座象征着一位伟大的猎人，此刻它正高悬天穹中央。中间那颗泛红的恒星是参宿四，它是该星座第二亮星，也是夜空中最明亮的恒星之一。在参宿四的右上方，我们能看到另一颗亮星参宿五，构成猎户的右肩。从参宿五向右延伸，可见一组排列弯曲的暗星群，这被解读为猎户的弓箭。我们还能清晰看到三颗连珠的亮星，它们组成了猎户的腰带，这个星群被众多文明所共认。在腰带下方，一片区域银辉闪烁。在古希腊古罗马的传统中，它被解读为猎户的宝剑或匕首所泛出的金属光泽；而在澳大利亚某些原住民文化中，它则被视为篝火上炙烤的鱼。用双筒望远镜指向它的中心，我们可以看到猎户座小星云和猎户座大星云，它们共同组成了一个巨大的尘埃和气体云，新的恒星正在那里形成。在由小恒星和星云所组成的银辉的左下方，一颗亮星熠熠生辉，那就是参宿六，其英文名为Saiph，出自阿拉伯语“剑刃”一词，因为古人视其为弧形巨刃的尖端。其右侧的蓝白色亮星是参宿七，其英文名为Rigel，出自阿拉伯语“猎户之足”一词。\r\n\r\n猎户座腰带三星的连线向上延伸，则指向照片边缘的毕宿五；向下延伸，则指向树枝间的天狼星——夜空中最亮的恒星，位于大犬座。地球的大气层让明亮的天狼星闪烁着各种色彩。从太空中看到的天狼星是纯白色的，但当它的光线穿过空气时，会被分子散射和扭曲。因此，天狼星看起来会像钻石一样变色。\r\n\r\n猎户座两肩的连线指向照片左下角的另一颗亮星——位于小犬座的南河三。古巴比伦人曾用它来指示巨蟹座（其星光暗淡，在黄昏时看不见）的偕日升，并预测天狼星的升起。因此，在古代历史上的很长一段时间里，南河三始终作为单星的星群而存在。也许直至罗马时代，天文学家才在这片天区挑出其他恒星来构建星座，尽管这个星座从不清晰可辨。",
"alt_text": "透过树枝，我们看到了猎户座的沙漏形状。",
"credit": "René Antonio Urroz Álvarez/IAU OAE"
}
]
},
{
"file_title": "Moon-Mercury-Pleiades Conjunction",
"file_type": "img",
"record_url": "https://astro4edu.org/resources/media/HV96bL4x836/",
"file_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/7425575/files/Honourable%20mention%20in%20the%202022%20IAU%20OAE%20Astrophotography%20Contest%2C%20category%20Still%20images%20of%20celestial%20patterns%3A%20Moon-Mercury-Pleiades%20Conjunction%2C%20by%20Giulio%20Colombo.jpg",
"file_additional_format_file": null,
"doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7425575",
"credit_url": null,
"license": "CC-BY-4.0",
"license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en",
"media_file_language": null,
"media_file_script": null,
"media_file_language_country": null,
"glossary_terms": [
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192,
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383,
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],
"categories": [
"Naked Eye Astronomy"
],
"category_ids": [
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"big_ideas": [],
"big_ideas_subidea": [],
"big_ideas_subidea_ids": [],
"captions": [
{
"language_code": "en",
"file_title": "Moon-Mercury-Pleiades Conjunction",
"short_caption": "Moon-Mercury-Pleiades Conjunction",
"caption": "Honourable mention in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of celestial patterns.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis photograph shows the young lunar crescent, some of the nine brightest stars of the Pleiades (with one behind a cloud) on the right, and the planet Mercury, looking slightly red, in the middle of the image.\r\n\r\nThis picture is rather suggestive of the idea that the Pleiades might possibly consist of seven stars. However, the viewer is misled by the clouds; five of the stars form a tiny chariot, one is next to the handle, and three are at the other end of the quadrilateral. Eight stars would be clearly visible if there were no clouds.\r\n\r\nThis configuration of the young Moon next to the Pleiades is visible only in the northern hemisphere spring. Thus it was used by the ancient Babylonians to determine the second month of their year and to judge whether or not an intercalary month was necessary. At least as early as the second millennium before the common era, the Babylonians used several asterisms for each month, with another one of them reappearing every five days after invisibility during daylight. To determine the necessity of intercalation in order to synchronise the solar and the lunar year, the Babylonians used several asterisms, not only the Pleiades. For instance, they also made use of the bright stars Arcturus and Sirius, and they observed a configuration with the Moon as well as heliacal phenomena. The modern Jewish and modern Islamic traditions still make use of some of the Babylonian astronomical rules. However, given that the constellations have shifted as a result of precession, and the fact that nowadays we also have computational means to calculate our calendars, this configuration of the small crescent Moon and the Pleiades is less useful, though it remains exceptionally beautiful. Thus the ancient Babylonian and middle Babylonian tradition survives only rudimentarily. Furthermore, it is unlikely that it is depicted in the Nebra Disc from Bronze Age Europe, as has long been claimed.\r\n\r\nThis image was taken on Elba Island, Italy, in May 2022.",
"alt_text": "The crescent Moon sits to the left of two bright planets. On the right side the Pleiades star cluster can be seen.",
"credit": "Giulio Colombo/ IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "it",
"file_title": "Congiunzione Luna-Mercurio-Pleiadi",
"short_caption": "Congiunzione Luna-Mercurio-Pleiadi",
"caption": "Menzione d'onore al concorso di astrofotografia IAU OAE 2022, categoria Immagini fisse di modelli celesti.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nQuesta fotografia mostra la giovane falce lunare, alcune delle nove stelle più luminose delle Pleiadi (una é dietro ad una nuvola sulla destra), e il pianeta Mercurio, leggermente rosso, al centro dell'immagine.\r\n\r\nQuesta immagine è piuttosto suggestiva per l'idea che le Pleiadi possano essere composte da sette stelle. Tuttavia, l'osservatore è tratto in inganno dalle nuvole; cinque delle stelle formano un piccolo carro, una è accanto al manico e tre sono all'altra estremità del quadrilatero. Se non ci fossero le nuvole, sarebbero chiaramente visibili otto stelle.\r\n\r\nQuesta configurazione della Luna giovane accanto alle Pleiadi è visibile solo nella primavera dell'emisfero settentrionale. Per questo motivo veniva utilizzata dagli antichi Babilonesi per determinare il secondo mese del loro anno e per giudicare se fosse necessario o meno un mese intercalare. Almeno a partire dal secondo millennio prima dell'era comune, i Babilonesi utilizzavano diversi asterismi per ogni mese, con un altro di essi che ricompariva ogni cinque giorni dopo l'invisibilità durante il giorno. Per determinare la necessità di intercalare per sincronizzare l'anno solare e quello lunare, i Babilonesi utilizzavano diversi asterismi, non solo le Pleiadi. Ad esempio, utilizzavano anche le stelle luminose Arturo e Sirio, e osservavano una configurazione con la Luna e i fenomeni eliaci. Le moderne tradizioni ebraiche ed islamiche fanno ancora uso di alcune regole astronomiche babilonesi. Tuttavia, dato che le costellazioni si sono spostate a causa della precessione e che oggi disponiamo anche di mezzi informatici per calcolare i nostri calendari, questa configurazione della piccola Luna crescente e delle Pleiadi è meno utile, anche se rimane eccezionalmente bella. Così la tradizione antico-babilonese e medio-babilonese sopravvive solo in modo rudimentale. Inoltre, è improbabile che sia raffigurata nel disco di Nebra dell'Europa dell'Età del Bronzo, come si è sostenuto a lungo.\r\n\r\nQuesta immagine è stata scattata all'Isola d'Elba, in Italia, nel maggio 2022.",
"alt_text": "La Luna crescente si trova a sinistra di due pianeti luminosi. Sulla destra è visibile l'ammasso stellare delle Pleiadi.",
"credit": "Giulio Colombo/ IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "de",
"file_title": "Mond-Merkur-Plejaden-Konjunktion",
"short_caption": "Mond-Merkur-Plejaden-Konjunktion",
"caption": "Lobende Erwähnung beim IAU OAE Astrofoto-Wettbewerb 2022, Kategorie Weitwinkelaufnahmen von Himmelsmustern.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDieses Foto zeigt die junge Mondsichel, einige der neun hellsten Sterne der Plejaden (einer davon hinter einer Wolke) auf der rechten Seite und den leicht rötlich erscheinenden Planeten Merkur in der Mitte des Bildes.\r\n\r\nDieses Bild legt die Vermutung nahe, dass die Plejaden möglicherweise aus sieben Sternen bestehen könnten. Allerdings werden Betrachter*innen durch die Wolken in die Irre geführt, denn fünf der Sterne bilden eine verkleinerte Version des Großen Wagens. Einer befindet sich neben der Deichsel, während drei am anderen Ende des Vierecks stehen. Ohne die Wolken wären acht Sterne deutlich sichtbar.\r\n\r\nEine Anordnung der zunehmenden Mondsichel neben den Plejaden wie diese ist auf der Nordhalbkugel nur im Frühling sichtbar. Die alten Babylonier nutzten sie, um den zweiten Monat ihres Jahres zu bestimmen und zu entscheiden, ob ein Schaltmonat notwendig war oder nicht. Mindestens seit dem zweiten Jahrtausend vor unserer Zeitrechnung verwendeten die Babylonier für jeden Monat mehrere Asterismen, von denen alle fünf Tage ein anderer wieder auftauchte, nachdem er bei Tageslicht unsichtbar war. Um die zur Synchronisierung von Sonnen- und Mondjahr notwendige Schaltzeiträume zu bestimmen, nutzten die Babylonier nicht nur die Plejaden, sondern mehrere Sterngruppen. Auch die hellen Sterne Arkturus und Sirius dienten als Anhaltspunkte: Beobachtet wurden Konjunktionen mit dem Mond sowie heliakische Phänomene. Die modernen jüdischen und islamischen Traditionen greifen noch immer auf einige der babylonischen astronomischen Regeln zurück. Da sich jedoch die Sternbilder aufgrund der Präzession verschoben haben und wir heute auch über Computer verfügen, um unsere Kalender zu berechnen, ist diese Konstellation der schmalen Mondsichel und der Plejaden weniger nützlich, wenngleich sie immer noch außergewöhnlich schön ist. Die altbabylonische und mittelbabylonische Tradition ist also nur noch rudimentär vorhanden. Außerdem ist es unwahrscheinlich, dass sie auf der Scheibe von Nebra aus dem bronzezeitlichen Europa abgebildet ist, wie lange behauptet wurde.\r\n\r\nDieses Bild wurde im Mai 2022 auf der italienischen Insel Elba aufgenommen.",
"alt_text": "Die zunehmende Mondsichel mit aschfahlem Mondlicht befindet sich links von zwei hellen Planeten",
"credit": "Giulio Colombo/ IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "bn",
"file_title": "চাঁদ-বুধ-প্লেইডেস সংযোগ",
"short_caption": "চাঁদ-বুধ-প্লেইডেস সংযোগ",
"caption": "২০২২ আইএইউ ওএই অ্যাস্ট্রোফটোগ্রাফি প্রতিযোগিতায় সম্মানজনক উল্লেখ, স্বর্গীয় নিদর্শনের স্থির চিত্র।\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nএই ফটোগ্রাফটিতে তরুণ চন্দ্র অর্ধচন্দ্র, ডানদিকে প্লিয়েডেসের নয়টি উজ্জ্বল নক্ষত্র (মেঘের পিছনে একটি সহ) এবং চিত্রের মাঝখানে বুধ গ্রহটি সামান্য লাল দেখায়।\r\n\r\nএই ছবিটি বরং ধারণার ইঙ্গিত দেয় যে প্লেইডেস সম্ভবত সাতটি তারা নিয়ে গঠিত হতে পারে। তবে, দর্শক মেঘের দ্বারা বিভ্রান্ত হয়; পাঁচটি তারা একটি ছোট রথ তৈরি করে, একটি হ্যান্ডেলের পাশে এবং তিনটি চতুর্ভুজের অপর প্রান্তে। মেঘ না থাকলে আটটি তারা স্পষ্ট দেখা যেত।\r\n\r\nপ্লিয়েডেসের পাশে তরুণ চাঁদের এই কনফিগারেশনটি শুধুমাত্র উত্তর গোলার্ধের বসন্তে দৃশ্যমান। এইভাবে এটি প্রাচীন ব্যাবিলনীয়রা তাদের বছরের দ্বিতীয় মাস নির্ধারণ করতে এবং একটি আন্তঃকালী মাস প্রয়োজনীয় কিনা তা বিচার করতে ব্যবহার করত। অন্ততপক্ষে সাধারণ যুগের আগে দ্বিতীয় সহস্রাব্দের প্রথম দিকে, ব্যাবিলনীয়রা প্রতি মাসের জন্য বেশ কয়েকটি নক্ষত্র ব্যবহার করত, যার মধ্যে অন্য একটি দিনের আলোতে অদৃশ্য হওয়ার পর প্রতি পাঁচ দিন পর পুনরায় আবির্ভূত হয়। সৌর এবং চন্দ্র বছরের সমন্বয় সাধনের জন্য আন্তঃকালের প্রয়োজনীয়তা নির্ধারণের জন্য, ব্যাবিলনীয়রা শুধুমাত্র প্লিয়েডস নয়, বেশ কয়েকটি নক্ষত্র ব্যবহার করেছিল। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, তারা উজ্জ্বল নক্ষত্র আর্কটারাস এবং সিরিয়াস ব্যবহার করেছে এবং তারা চাঁদের সাথে সাথে হেলিয়াকাল ঘটনাগুলির সাথে একটি কনফিগারেশন পর্যবেক্ষণ করেছে। আধুনিক ইহুদি এবং আধুনিক ইসলামী ঐতিহ্য এখনও ব্যাবিলনীয় জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানের কিছু নিয়ম ব্যবহার করে। যাইহোক, প্রদত্ত যে নক্ষত্রপুঞ্জগুলি অগ্রসরতার ফলে স্থানান্তরিত হয়েছে, এবং সত্য যে আজকাল আমাদের ক্যালেন্ডারগুলি গণনা করার জন্য গণনামূলক উপায়ও রয়েছে, ছোট অর্ধচন্দ্র এবং প্লিয়েডসের এই কনফিগারেশনটি কম দরকারী, যদিও এটি ব্যতিক্রমী সুন্দর রয়ে গেছে। এইভাবে প্রাচীন ব্যাবিলনীয় এবং মধ্য ব্যাবিলনীয় ঐতিহ্য শুধুমাত্র প্রাথমিকভাবে টিকে আছে। অধিকন্তু, এটি ব্রোঞ্জ যুগের ইউরোপের নেব্রা ডিস্কে চিত্রিত হওয়ার সম্ভাবনা কম, যেমনটি দীর্ঘদিন ধরে দাবি করা হয়েছে।\r\n\r\nএই ছবিটি ২০২২ সালের মে মাসে ইতালির এলবা দ্বীপে তোলা হয়েছিল।",
"alt_text": "অর্ধচন্দ্র দুটি উজ্জ্বল গ্রহের বাম দিকে বসে আছে। ডান দিকে প্লিয়েডস তারকা ক্লাস্টার দেখা যায়।",
"credit": "গিউলিও কলম্বো/আইএইউ ওএই"
},
{
"language_code": "zh-hant",
"file_title": "月球-水星-昴星團相合",
"short_caption": "月球-水星-昴星團相合",
"caption": "2022年國際天文學聯合會（IAU）OAE天文攝影比賽靜態天體圖案類別榮譽獎作品。\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n這張照片展示了年輕的月牙，其右側是昴星團中的九顆最亮的恆星（其中一顆被雲層遮擋）。照片中央是水星，看上去略帶紅色。\r\n\r\n這幅圖片更傾向於表明昴星團可能由七顆星組成。然而，觀察者被雲層誤導了——五顆星組成了一輛小戰車，一顆緊挨著車把，另外三顆在四邊形的另一端。如果沒有雲層，八顆星將清晰可見。\r\n\r\n蛾眉月與昴星團相伴的這種天象僅在北半球的春天才能看到。因此，古巴比倫人利用它來確定一年中的第二個月，並判斷是否需要閏月。至少早在公元前第二個千年，巴比倫人就利用多個星群來確定月份。每隔五天，下一個星群就會在隱沒於日光後再次出現。為了確定閏年的必要性，使太陽年和陰曆年同步，巴比倫人使用了多個星群，而不僅僅是昴星團。例如，他們還利用了明亮的心宿二和天狼星，並觀測到了它們伴月的天象以及偕日昇的天象。現代猶太教和現代伊斯蘭教仍在遵循傳統，使用巴比倫的一些天文規則。然而，鑑於星座由於歲差而發生了移動，而且如今我們也有了計算曆法的手段，這種蛾眉月和昴星團相伴的天象就不再那麼有用了，儘管它依然如此優美。因此，古巴比倫和中巴比倫的傳統僅存留了基本的形式。此外，長期以來一直聲稱青銅時代歐洲的內布拉星盤上描繪了這種天象，但這種說法不太可能屬實。\r\n\r\n本照片於2022年5月在意大利厄爾巴島拍攝。",
"alt_text": "新月位於兩顆明亮行星的左側。右側可以看到昴星團。",
"credit": "Giulio Colombo/ IAU OAE"
},
{
"language_code": "zh-hans",
"file_title": "月球-水星-昴星团相合",
"short_caption": "月球-水星-昴星团相合",
"caption": "2022年国际天文学联合会（IAU）OAE天文摄影比赛静态天体图案类别荣誉奖作品。\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n这张照片展示了年轻的月牙，其右侧是昴星团中的九颗最亮的恒星（其中一颗被云层遮挡）。照片中央是水星，看上去略带红色。\r\n\r\n这幅图片更倾向于表明昴星团可能由七颗星组成。然而，观察者被云层误导了——五颗星组成了一辆小战车，一颗紧挨着车把，另外三颗在四边形的另一端。如果没有云层，八颗星将清晰可见。\r\n\r\n蛾眉月与昴星团相伴的这种天象仅在北半球的春天才能看到。因此，古巴比伦人利用它来确定一年中的第二个月，并判断是否需要闰月。至少早在公元前第二个千年，巴比伦人就利用多个星群来确定月份。每隔五天，下一个星群就会在隐没于日光后再次出现。为了确定闰年的必要性，使太阳年和阴历年同步，巴比伦人使用了多个星群，而不仅仅是昴星团。例如，他们还利用了明亮的心宿二和天狼星，并观测到了它们伴月的天象以及偕日升的天象。现代犹太教和现代伊斯兰教仍在遵循传统，使用巴比伦的一些天文规则。然而，鉴于星座由于岁差而发生了移动，而且如今我们也有了计算历法的手段，这种蛾眉月和昴星团相伴的天象就不再那么有用了，尽管它依然如此优美。因此，古巴比伦和中巴比伦的传统仅存留了基本的形式。此外，长期以来一直声称青铜时代欧洲的内布拉星盘上描绘了这种天象，但这种说法不太可能属实。\r\n\r\n本照片于2022年5月在意大利厄尔巴岛拍摄。",
"alt_text": "新月位于两颗明亮行星的左侧。右侧可以看到昴星团。",
"credit": "Giulio Colombo/ IAU OAE"
}
]
},
{
"file_title": "Luminous Salar de Uyuni",
"file_type": "img",
"record_url": "https://astro4edu.org/resources/media/ES10kP62vv67/",
"file_url": "https://zenodo.org/record/7425325/files/Winner%20in%20the%202022%20IAU%20OAE%20Astrophotography%20Contest%2C%20category%20Still%20images%20of%20celestial%20patterns%3A%20Luminous%20Salar%20de%20Uyuni%2C%20by%20Ziyi%20Stephanie%20Ye.JPG",
"file_additional_format_file": null,
"doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7425325",
"credit_url": null,
"license": "CC-BY-4.0",
"license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en",
"media_file_language": null,
"media_file_script": null,
"media_file_language_country": null,
"glossary_terms": [
66,
467
],
"categories": [
"Naked Eye Astronomy",
"Stars"
],
"category_ids": [
4,
2
],
"big_ideas": [],
"big_ideas_subidea": [],
"big_ideas_subidea_ids": [],
"captions": [
{
"language_code": "en",
"file_title": null,
"short_caption": "Luminous Salar de Uyuni",
"caption": "Winner in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of celestial patterns.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis black and white image taken in February 2017 in Uyuni Salt Flat of southwest Bolivia, the biggest salt flat in the world, shows one of the most recognisable constellations, Orion the hunter, and the open star cluster of the Hyades directly above the clouds at the horizon. Various cultures have different stories associated with Orion. The Aymara in this area of the world (Bolivia and Northern Chile) consider Orion’s Belt to be a Sky Bridge (chacka cilitu) or a Stairway made out of dough. This stairway is rather obvious in this picture. It appears as if the stars in the sky are scattered like grains of salt on the ground — an amazing composition.\r\n\r\nFor the Aymara, who were Christianised by the Spanish conquistadores, Orion and the Stairway are connected to the November festivals of the dead ancestors and the souls. In contrast to the original Christian culture, for these people in the southern hemisphere these festivals mark the beginning of summer, not the beginning of winter. While in the north, the “ghosts” of the ancestors are represented by the foggy weather in November, the Aymara greet the ancestors with flowers. This photograph in the dry salt flat, in contrast, seems to show the unlivable loneliness where the photographer meets the souls of the deceased.\r\n\r\nThe Yolnu people of Arnhem Land in Australia’s Northern Territory have a rich culturally significant story associated with Orion that carries a lesson. It tells of the three brothers of the Kingfish clan and their canoe Djulpan. Owing to their lack of patience, the brothers ate the sacred Kingfish, angering the Sun woman Walu who created a waterspout that sent them into the sky. Looking at the constellation Orion, the three stars in Orion’s belt represent the three brothers, Orion’s sword is the fishing line, and the two dimmer stars Bellatrix and Saiph form the two ends of the canoe Djulpan.",
"alt_text": "Above a flat, cracked landscape, Orion is shaped like a bow tie. Just above the horizon is a diffuse cluster of bright stars.",
"credit": "Stephanie Ye Ziyi/IAU OAE& 
