{"count":455,"next":"http://www.astro4edu.org/oae-api/diagrams/?page=3","previous":"http://www.astro4edu.org/oae-api/diagrams/","results":[{"diagram_label":"Taurus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"b237po71Gd6","diagram_title":"Taurus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,16,50,66,78,92,126,286,351,391,466,467,469,526],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Taurus along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Taurus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top) Perseus, Aries, Cetus, Eridanus, Orion, Gemini and Auriga. Taurus’s brightest star Aldebaran appears in the middle of the constellation. Taurus lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Taurus from mid May to late June. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Taurus.\r\n\r\nTaurus lies mostly north of the celestial equator with a small part in the celestial southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is visible at some point in the year to whole planet except for the Antarctic and a small region around the North Pole. Taurus is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nIn the eastern part of Taurus we can find the supernova remnant M1 (commonly known as the Crab Nebula), marked here with a green square. In Taurus’s north-east find one of the sky’s most famous open stars clusters M45 (the Pleiades), marked here with a yellow circle. Many of the stars near Aldebaran (but not) Aldebaran are members of another star cluster, the Hyades. However this cluster is close to the solar system so is too dispersed on the sky to have a Messier object designation like the Pleiades has.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Taurus appears as a y shape with the open end pointing NE. The ecliptic passes WSW to ENE in Taurus’s northern half","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/taurus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/taurus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/b237po71Gd6/"},{"diagram_label":"Gemini Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"eV99f410tY61","diagram_title":"Gemini Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,126,286,351,391],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The zodiac constellation Gemini and its surrounding constellations. Starting from the top of the diagram and going clockwise, these are Auriga, Taurus, Lynx, Orion, Monoceros, Canis Minor and Cancer. The brightest stars in Gemini, Castor and Pollux appear in the upper lefthand corner (north-east) of the diagram. In Greek mythology, the stars in this constellation are thought to resemble twins with their arms wrapped around each other, with Castor and Pollux indicating their heads. Gemini lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Gemini from late June to late July. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Gemini.\r\n\r\nGemini lies north of the celestial equator and is visible in all but the antarctic regions of the world. Gemini is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nJust to the right of the foot of the Castor twin is an open cluster of stars (labelled as a yellow circle with a dotted line border), Messier 35, also known as the Shoe-Buckle Cluster. This cluster is spread out over an area roughly the size of the full moon. In addition to this cluster of stars, there is a planetary nebula (labelled as a green circle with four radial spikes) – NGC 2392 – near the celestial equator and just to the left of the Pollux twin. Two variable stars (Mekbuda and Propus; labelled as two concentric circles) can be found in the “legs” of each twin, but are so faint that an observer would need dark skies to see them.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labelled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Gemini resembles two stick figures, heads pointing North-East & with arms joined. The ecliptic passes W to E through Gemini","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/gemini-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/gemini-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/eV99f410tY61/"},{"diagram_label":"Hertzsprung-Russell diagram","diagram_slug":"iq40Hc92ni31","diagram_title":"赫羅圖","glossary_terms":[46,59,130,143,180,186,334,347,386,440,481,503],"categories":["Stars"],"category_ids":[2],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":[],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[],"caption":"這張圖展示了不同恆星溫度和亮度。每個點的大小代表恆星的半徑，顏色代表人眼所看到的顏色。恆星的顏色從淡藍色到淡橙紅色不等，沒有恆星具有像紅、綠或藍這樣的純顏色，因為恆星的光譜包含了許多不同顏色的光。然而，最紅的恆星通常被稱為紅恆星，最藍的恆星被稱為藍恆星。為了展示不同類型的恆星，製作這個圖表的恆星樣本選擇上並沒有反映出每種類型恆星的實際數量比例。\r\n\r\n從左上到右下是一條長長的恆星帶，這些恆星在其核心燃燒氫氣，這被稱為主序。在這條線上，我們可以看到參宿三（Mintaka）、波江座α星（Achernar）、天狼星A（Sirius A）、太陽和比鄰星（Proxima Centauri）等恆星。在主序線右下方的比鄰星週圍的天體被稱為紅矮星。在紅矮星的右下方是Teide 1和Kelu-1 A。這兩個天體是褐矮星，它們的質量太低，核心沒有足夠的熱量來持續地進行氫融合。由於它們不燃燒氫，褐矮星不被認為是主序星。\"褐矮星\"這個名字與它們的顏色無關。\r\n\r\n在主序星的上方，我們發現次巨星、巨星和超巨星。這些是已經完成了核心的氫燃燒並演化成更大天體的恆星。恆星的亮度取決於其溫度和大小，因此巨星比具有較小半徑但相同溫度的恆星更亮。隨著時間的推移，這些天體將走向生命的盡頭，經歷行星狀星雲階段或變成超新星。以行星狀星雲階段結束生命的恆星會形成一種叫做白矮星的恆星殘骸。這種天體比相同溫度的恆星小得多，因此更暗淡，並且位於主序星帶的顯著下方。以超新星結束生命的恆星會成為黑洞或中子星。這些在這個圖表上沒有顯示。","alt_text":"從冷暗星到熱亮星之間有一條恆星線。有些恆星位於這條線的上方或下方","credit_text":"IAU OAE/Niall Deacon","credit_url":null,"generated_from_github_repository":"astro4edu/hr_diagram_plots","license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"zh-hant","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/%E8%B5%AB%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%96_zh-hant.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/%E8%B5%AB%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%96_zh-hant.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/zh-hant/resources/diagram/iq40Hc92ni31/"},{"diagram_label":"Hertzsprung-Russell diagram","diagram_slug":"iq40Hc92ni31","diagram_title":"赫罗图","glossary_terms":[46,59,130,143,180,186,334,347,386,440,481,503],"categories":["Stars"],"category_ids":[2],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":[],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[],"caption":"这张图展示了不同恒星温度和亮度。每个点的大小代表恒星的半径，颜色代表人眼所看到的颜色。恒星的颜色从淡蓝色到淡橙红色不等，没有恒星具有像红、绿或蓝这样的纯颜色，因为恒星的光谱包含了许多不同颜色的光。然而，最红的恒星通常被称为红恒星，最蓝的恒星被称为蓝恒星。为了展示不同类型的恒星，制作这个图表的恒星样本选择上并没有反映出每种类型恒星的实际数量比例。\r\n\r\n从左上到右下是一条长长的恒星带，这些恒星在其核心燃烧氢气，这被称为主序。在这条线上，我们可以看到参宿三（Mintaka）、波江座α星（Achernar）、天狼星A（Sirius A）、太阳和比邻星（Proxima Centauri）等恒星。在主序线右下方的比邻星周围的天体被称为红矮星。在红矮星的右下方是Teide 1和Kelu-1 A。这两个天体是褐矮星，它们的质量太低，核心没有足够的热量来持续地进行氢融合。由于它们不燃烧氢，褐矮星不被认为是主序星。\"褐矮星\"这个名字与它们的颜色无关。\r\n\r\n在主序星的上方，我们发现次巨星、巨星和超巨星。这些是已经完成了核心的氢燃烧并演化成更大天体的恒星。恒星的亮度取决于其温度和大小，因此巨星比具有较小半径但相同温度的恒星更亮。随着时间的推移，这些天体将走向生命的尽头，经历行星状星云阶段或变成超新星。以行星状星云阶段结束生命的恒星会形成一种叫做白矮星的恒星残骸。这种天体比相同温度的恒星小得多，因此更暗淡，并且位于主序星带的显著下方。以超新星结束生命的恒星会成为黑洞或中子星。这些在这个图表上没有显示。","alt_text":"从冷暗星到热亮星之间有一条恒星线。有些恒星位于这条线的上方或下方","credit_text":"IAU OAE/Niall Deacon","credit_url":null,"generated_from_github_repository":"astro4edu/hr_diagram_plots","license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"zh-hans","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/%E8%B5%AB%E7%BD%97%E5%9B%BE_zh-hans.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/%E8%B5%AB%E7%BD%97%E5%9B%BE_zh-hans.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/zh-hans/resources/diagram/iq40Hc92ni31/"},{"diagram_label":"Cancer Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"ce22no47lz93","diagram_title":"Cancer Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,126,172,286,391,432,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The zodiac constellation Cancer and its surrounding constellations. Starting from the top of the diagram and going clockwise, these are Lynx, Gemini, Canis Minor, Hydra, Leo and Leo Minor. The ecliptic (shown here as a blue line) passes almost exactly through the middle of the constellation, this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Cancer from late July to mid August. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Cancer.\r\n\r\nCancer lies just north of the celestial equator and is thus visible at some time in the year from all of planet Earth except for the most antarctic regions of the world. Cancer is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn. \r\n\r\nTwo star clusters are visible in Cancer: M44, an open cluster often called the Beehive Cluster, and M67, a denser open cluster with about four times more stars than M44. These clusters are indicated by yellow circles with a dotted border on the map.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labelled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Cancer appears as an inverted “Y” on the sky, with its vertex almost exactly on the ecliptic which runs ESE to WNW","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/cancer-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/cancer-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/ce22no47lz93/"},{"diagram_label":"Leo Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"uc91Hc319213","diagram_title":"Leo Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,99,119,172,286,330,391,432,486],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The zodiac constellation Leo and its surrounding constellations. Starting from the top of the diagram and going clockwise, these are Leo Minor, Cancer, Sextans, Hydra, Crater, Virgo and Ursa Major. The brightest star in Leo, Regulus, lies almost exactly on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line): the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun spends the period from mid August to mid September in Leo. The other planets in the Solar System can often be found in Leo.\r\n\r\nLeo spans the celestial equator and is thus part of it is visible at some time in the year from all of planet Earth with some of the constellation obscured for the most arctic and antarctic regions of the world. Leo is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn. \r\n\r\nSeveral objects can be seen in Leo, including  M65 and M66 – two galaxies in the Leo Triplet, a trio of galaxies including NGC 3628, not listed here. In addition, M96, a spiral galaxy, can be seen as a fuzzy object using a small telescope, and Messier 105, an elliptical galaxy. Each of these objects are labelled on the map as red ellipses.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labelled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Leo resembles a lion standing on the ecliptic (which runs ESE to WNW) with its nose pointed northwest.","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/leo-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/leo-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/uc91Hc319213/"},{"diagram_label":"Virgo Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"aT839V20hT52","diagram_title":"Virgo Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,39,50,58,66,78,92,99,172,173,286,330,348,391,486],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The zodiac constellation Virgo and its surrounding constellations. Starting from the top of the diagram and going clockwise, these are Coma Berenices, Leo, Crater, Corvus, Libra, and Bootes. The brightest star in Virgo, Spica, lies just below the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line) in the middle of the map. One way of locating this star in the night sky is to follow the handle of the Big Dipper to the star Arcturus in Bootes and go along a line straight down to Spica (“arc to Arcturus and spike to Spica”). This star lies just below the ecliptic. The ecliptic is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Virgo from mid September to late October. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Virgo. \r\n\r\nVirgo spans the celestial equator and is thus part of it is visible at some time in the year from all of planet Earth with some of the constellation obscured for the most arctic and antarctic regions of the world. Virgo is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn. \r\n\r\nThe constellation Virgo appears as a person lying with their back roughly against the ecliptic, arms outstretched, and feet pointed east. Several deep-sky objects are visible in Virgo, including NGC4697, M49, M87, M86, M84, and M60, all of which are labelled as red ellipses on the map. These are all spiral and elliptical galaxies located several millions of lightyears from Earth. Most notably, M87 is host to the supermassive black hole (Pōwehi) that was imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope in 2019. All of these galaxies are members of the Virgo Cluster, the nearest cluster of galaxies to the Milky Way.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labelled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The constellation Virgo appears as a person lying with their back roughly against the diagonal ecliptic, arms outstretched, and feet pointed east.","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/virgo-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/virgo-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/aT839V20hT52/"},{"diagram_label":"Hertzsprung-Russell diagram","diagram_slug":"iq40Hc92ni31","diagram_title":"Diagrama Hertzsprung-Russell","glossary_terms":[46,59,130,143,180,186,334,347,386,440,481,503],"categories":["Stars"],"category_ids":[2],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":[],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[],"caption":"Este diagrama muestra la temperatura y luminosidad de diferentes estrellas. El tamaño de cada punto representa el radio de la estrella y su color es el que vería el ojo humano. El color de las estrellas oscila entre un azul apagado y un naranja rojizo apagado. Ninguna estrella tiene un color puro como el rojo, el verde o el azul, ya que los espectros de las estrellas incluyen luz de muchos colores diferentes. Sin embargo, las estrellas más rojas suelen denominarse rojas y las más azules, azules. La muestra de estrellas utilizada para hacer este diagrama se eligió para mostrar una amplia gama de estrellas de diferentes tipos, por lo que el número relativo de cada tipo de estrella no es representativo de la frecuencia con la que cada tipo se encuentra.\r\n \r\nDesde arriba a la izquierda hasta abajo a la derecha hay una larga línea de estrellas que queman hidrógeno en sus núcleos. Ésta es la llamada secuencia principal. En esta línea se encuentran las estrellas Mintaka, Achenar, Sirio A, el Sol y Próxima Centauri. Los objetos situados alrededor de Próxima Centauri, en el extremo inferior derecho de la secuencia principal, se denominan enanas rojas. En la parte inferior derecha de las enanas rojas se encuentran Teide 1 y Kelu-1 A. Estos dos objetos son enanas marrones, objetos de masa demasiado baja para tener núcleos lo suficientemente calientes como para fusionar hidrógeno durante un periodo de tiempo prolongado. Como no queman hidrógeno, las enanas marrones no se consideran estrellas de la secuencia principal. El nombre de enana marrón no está relacionado con su color.\r\n \r\nPor encima de la secuencia principal se encuentran las subgigantes, gigantes y supergigantes. Se trata de estrellas que han terminado de quemar hidrógeno en su núcleo y han evolucionado hasta convertirse en objetos de mayor tamaño. El brillo de una estrella depende de su temperatura y tamaño, de modo que las gigantes son más brillantes que las estrellas de radio más pequeño pero con la misma temperatura. Con el tiempo, estos objetos se acercarán al final de su vida y atravesarán una fase de nebulosa planetaria o se convertirán en supernovas. Las estrellas que terminan su vida con una fase de nebulosa planetaria se convierten en un tipo de remanente estelar denominado enana blanca. Estos objetos son mucho más pequeños que las estrellas de la misma temperatura, por lo que son más débiles y se encuentran muy por debajo de la secuencia principal. Las estrellas que terminan su vida como supernovas se convierten en agujeros negros o estrellas de neutrones. Éstas no se muestran en este gráfico.","alt_text":"Línea de estrellas desde las frías y débiles hasta las calientes y brillantes. Algunas estrellas se encuentran por encima o por debajo de esta línea","credit_text":"IAU OAE/Niall Deacon","credit_url":null,"generated_from_github_repository":"astro4edu/hr_diagram_plots","license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"es","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/diagrama_hr_es.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/diagrama_hr_es.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/es/resources/diagram/iq40Hc92ni31/"},{"diagram_label":"Capricornus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"J557Ln95hA62","diagram_title":"Carte de la constellation du Capricorne","glossary_terms":[15,48,50,66,78,92,132,286,391,428,474,494],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La constellation du Capricorne (communément appelée Capricorne) inclut ses étoiles brillantes et les constellations environnantes. Le Capricorne est entouré (dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre à partir du haut) du Verseau, de l'Aigle, du Sagittaire, de Microscope et du Poisson Austral. Le Capricorne se trouve sur l'écliptique (représenté ici par une ligne bleue), c'est-à-dire la trajectoire que le Soleil semble suivre dans le ciel au cours d'une année. Le Soleil se trouve dans le Capricorne de la mi-janvier à la mi-février. Les autres planètes du système solaire se trouvent souvent dans le Capricorne.\r\n\r\nLe Capricorne se trouve juste au sud de l'équateur céleste et est visible pour tous les observateurs situés au sud du cercle polaire arctique. Le Capricorne est surtout visible le soir, en automne dans l'hémisphère nord et au printemps dans l'hémisphère sud.\r\n\r\nAu sud-est (en bas à gauche sur ce diagramme) de la constellation se trouve l'amas globulaire M30 (représenté ici par un cercle jaune sur lequel est superposé un signe plus).\r\n\r\nL'axe des y de ce diagramme est en degrés de déclinaison avec le nord en haut et l'axe des x est en heures d'ascension droite avec l'est à gauche. La taille des étoiles marquées ici correspond à la magnitude apparente de l'étoile, une mesure de sa luminosité apparente. Les points les plus gros représentent les étoiles les plus brillantes. Les lettres grecques indiquent les étoiles les plus brillantes de la constellation. Elles sont classées par ordre de luminosité, l'étoile la plus brillante étant étiquetée alpha, la deuxième plus brillante bêta, etc., bien que cet ordre ne soit pas toujours respecté à la lettre. Les lignes pointillées marquent les limites des constellations selon l'UAI et les lignes vertes pleines marquent l'une des formes couramment utilisées pour représenter les figures des constellations. Ni les limites des constellations, ni les lignes reliant les étoiles n'apparaissent sur le ciel.","alt_text":"Le Capricorne se présente comme un triangle isocèle orienté vers le bas. L'écliptique passe par le centre, de l'OSO à l'ENE.","credit_text":"Adapté par le Bureau de l'astronomie pour l'éducation de l'AIU à partir de l'original de l'AIU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"fr","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/capricornus-constellation-map_fr_SqIG0hk.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/capricornus-constellation-map_fr_huM6PN4.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/fr/resources/diagram/J557Ln95hA62/"},{"diagram_label":"Blackbody Radiation","diagram_slug":"8m97bG23XT57","diagram_title":"تابش جسم سیاه","glossary_terms":[42,96,382],"categories":["Physics"],"category_ids":[16],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":[],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[],"caption":"منحنی‌های تابش گسیل‌شده از اجسام سیاه با دماهای مختلف. محور افقی طول موج و محور عمودی مقدار انرژی گسیل‌شده در هر ثانیه توسط هر متر مربع از سطح جسم سیاه را در هر طول موج نشان می‌دهد. هرچه جسم داغ‌تر باشد، طول موج تابش حداکثر آن کوتاه‌تر است و نور بیشتری در محدوده آبی گسیل می‌کند. با وجود اینکه جسم سیاه سردتر (4000 کلوین) بیشترین تابش خود را در محدوده نور قرمز دارد، اجسام داغ‌تر همچنان در این طول موج (نور قرمز) تابش بیشتری نسبت به جسم سردتر دارند. خط‌ چین نشان‌دهنده تابش گسیل‌شده‌ای است که طبق نظریه کلاسیک پیش از مکانیک کوانتومی پیش‌بینی می‌شد. این پیش‌بینی برای هر دمای جسم سیاه بالاتر از صفر در طول موج‌های کوتاه به سمت بی‌نهایت میل می‌کند و به همین دلیل به عنوان «فاجعه فرابنفش» شناخته شد.","alt_text":"سه منحنی با محور تابش در محور y و طول موج در محور x. منحنی‌های خنک‌تر دارای قله‌های پایین‌تر و متمایل به قرمز هستند.","credit_text":"دفتر آموزش نجوم IAU /نیال دیکن","credit_url":null,"generated_from_github_repository":"astro4edu/blackbody_plots","license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"fa","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/blackbody-radiation_fa.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/blackbody-radiation_fa.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/fa/resources/diagram/8m97bG23XT57/"},{"diagram_label":"Blackbody Radiation - UV Catastrophe","diagram_slug":"p90iM23hm85","diagram_title":"تابش جسم سیاه - فاجعه فرابنفش","glossary_terms":[42,96,382],"categories":["Physics"],"category_ids":[16],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":[],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[],"caption":"منحنی‌های تابش گسیل‌شده از اجسام سیاه با دماهای مختلف. محور افقی طول موج و محور عمودی مقدار انرژی گسیل‌شده در هر ثانیه توسط هر متر مربع از سطح جسم سیاه را در هر طول موج نشان می‌دهد. هرچه جسم داغ‌تر باشد، طول موج تابش حداکثر آن کوتاه‌تر است و بیشترین انرژی را در طول موج‌های آبی‌تر گسیل می‌کند. با اینکه جسم سردتر (4000 کلوین) بیشترین تابش خود را در محدوده نور قرمز دارد، اجسام داغ‌تر همچنان در این طول موج انرژی بیشتری نسبت به جسم سردتر منتشر می‌کنند.\r\nخط‌چین نشان‌دهنده تابشی است که طبق نظریه کلاسیک، پیش از مکانیک کوانتومی، پیش‌بینی شده بود. این پیش‌بینی در طول موج‌های کوتاه به سمت بی‌نهایت میل می‌کند که به همین دلیل به \"فاجعه فرابنفش\" شهرت یافت.","alt_text":"سه منحنی با محور تابش در محور y و طول موج در محور x. منحنی‌های خنک‌تر دارای قله‌هایی پایین‌تر و متمایل به قرمز هستند.","credit_text":"دفتر آموزش نجوم IAU /نیال دیکن","credit_url":null,"generated_from_github_repository":"astro4edu/blackbody_plots","license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"fa","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/blackbody-radiation-ultraviolet-catastrophe_fa.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/blackbody-radiation-ultraviolet-catastrophe_fa.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/fa/resources/diagram/p90iM23hm85/"},{"diagram_label":"Aquarius Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"qo31xv8AO72","diagram_title":"نقشه صورت فلکی دَلو","glossary_terms":[15,48,50,66,78,92,132,252,256,286,391,428,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"صورت فلکی دلو همراه با ستاره‌های پرنور و صورت‌های فلکی مجاور آن نشان داده شده است. دلو توسط صورت‌های فلکی زیر احاطه شده است (در جهت ساعت‌گرد از بالا): اسب بالدار ، پاره اسب ، عقاب ، جَدی ، ماهی جنوبی ، مجسمه‌ساز ، قیطس و حوت.\r\nدلو بر روی دایرةالبروج (که در اینجا به صورت یک خط آبی نمایش داده شده) قرار دارد، مسیری که خورشید طی یک سال ظاهراً در آسمان طی می‌کند. خورشید از اواسط فوریه تا اواسط مارس در صورت فلکی دلو قرار دارد. سایر سیارات منظومه شمسی نیز اغلب در دلو دیده می‌شوند.\r\nدلو از استوای سماوی عبور می‌کند و بنابراین در زمانی از سال از تمام نقاط زمین قابل مشاهده است. با این حال، در مناطق بسیار قطبی، بخش‌هایی از این صورت فلکی ممکن است دیده نشود. دلو در نیمکره شمالی در پاییز و در نیمکره جنوبی در بهار، در عصرها به‌وضوح قابل مشاهده است.\r\nدایره‌های زرد با علامت مثبت نشان‌دهنده خوشه‌های کروی M2 و M72 هستند. دایره‌های سبز با علامت مثبت نشان‌دهنده سحابی‌های سیاره‌ نما NGC 7293 (سحابی هلیکس) و NGC 7002 (سحابی زحل) هستند. M73 (با علامت x مشخص شده) یک گروه تصادفی از ستاره‌ها است که قبلاً به اشتباه به‌عنوان یک خوشه باز طبقه‌بندی شده بود.\r\nمحور y این نمودار بر حسب درجه‌های مِیل (Declination) با شمال در بالا و محور x بر حسب ساعت،‌ بُعد سماوی (Right Ascension) با شرق به سمت چپ مشخص شده است. اندازه ستاره‌های نشان داده شده در این نمودار به قدر ظاهری آن‌ها (معیاری از روشنایی ظاهری آن‌ها) بستگی دارد. \r\nنقاط بزرگ‌تر نمایانگر ستاره‌های روشن‌تر هستند. حروف یونانی نشان‌دهنده روشن‌ترین ستاره‌های این صورت فلکی هستند و بر اساس روشنایی مرتب شده‌اند (روشن‌ترین ستاره با نام آلفا، دومین روشن‌ترین با نام بتا و ...)، اگرچه این ترتیب همیشه دقیقاً رعایت نمی‌شود.\r\nخطوط نقطه‌چین، مرزهای رسمی صورت‌های فلکی توسط IAU را نشان می‌دهند و خطوط سبز ممتد یکی از شکل‌های رایج برای نمایش اشکال صورت‌های فلکی را نمایش می‌دهند. هیچ‌یک از مرزهای صورت فلکی یا خطوط اتصال ستاره‌ها در آسمان واقعی دیده نمی‌شوند.","alt_text":"دلو به صورت مجموعه‌ای گسترده از خطوط متصل نمایش داده شده است. دایرةالبروج از مرکز آن از جنوب غرب به شمال شرق عبور می‌کند.","credit_text":"اقتباس‌شده توسط دفتر آموزش نجوم IAU از نسخه اصلی IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"fa","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/aquarius-constellation-map_fa.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/aquarius-constellation-map_fa.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/fa/resources/diagram/qo31xv8AO72/"},{"diagram_label":"Orion Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"dg783o76n014","diagram_title":"獵戶座星圖","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,126,286,351,467,485],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"獵戶座及其明亮的恆星和周圍的星座。獵戶座被金牛座、波江座、天兔座、麒麟座和雙子座環繞（從上往下順時針依次排列）。獵戶座最亮的恆星參宿四和參宿七分別位於星座的北端（圖中上部）和南端（圖中下部），中間是著名的三星 \"腰帶\"。\r\n\r\n獵戶座橫跨天赤道，因此在一年中的某些時候，從地球上的任何地方都能看到它。在世界上最北極或最南極地區，可能看不到獵戶座的某些部分。獵戶座在北半球冬季和南半球夏季的晚上最為明顯。獵戶座上方的藍線標誌著黃道，即太陽在一年中劃過天空的軌跡。太陽從不經過獵戶座，但人們偶爾會在獵戶座發現太陽系的其他行星和月球。\r\n\r\n在獵戶座腰帶的正南方，有兩個梅西葉天體M42（獵戶座星雲）和M43，用綠色方框標出。這些星雲和M78（腰帶左邊的綠色方框）是巨大的獵戶座分子雲團的一部分。它覆蓋了獵戶座的大部分區域，包括這些分子雲正在坍縮形成新星的區域。\r\n\r\n該圖的 y 軸表示赤緯，單位為度數，以北為上，x 軸表示赤經，單位為小時，以東為左。這裡標注的恆星大小與恆星的視星等有關，視星等是衡量恆星視亮度的標準。較大的點代表較亮的恆星。希臘字母表示星座中的亮星。這些恆星按亮度排序，最亮的恆星被標記為α星，第二亮的為β星，等等，不過並不總是完全遵循這種排序。圍繞著參宿四的圓圈表示它是一顆變星。虛線是國際天文學聯合會劃定的星座邊界，綠色實線是表示星座的常用形式之一。星座邊界和連接恆星的線條都不會出現在實際天空中。","alt_text":"獵戶座呈沙漏狀，兩串恆星分別向東北和西北方延伸","credit_text":"由國際天文學聯合會天文教育辦公室根據國際天文學聯合會/《天空與望遠鏡》的原文改編","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"zh-hant","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/orion-constellation-map_zh-hant.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/orion-constellation-map_zh-hant.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/zh-hant/resources/diagram/dg783o76n014/"},{"diagram_label":"Orion Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"dg783o76n014","diagram_title":"猎户座星图","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,126,286,351,467,485],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"猎户座及其明亮的恒星和周围的星座。猎户座被金牛座、波江座、天兔座、麒麟座和双子座环绕（从上往下顺时针依次排列）。猎户座最亮的恒星参宿四和参宿七分别位于星座的北端（图中上部）和南端（图中下部），中间是著名的三星 \"腰带\"。\r\n\r\n猎户座横跨天赤道，因此在一年中的某些时候，从地球上的任何地方都能看到它。在世界上最北极或最南极地区，可能看不到猎户座的某些部分。猎户座在北半球冬季和南半球夏季的晚上最为明显。猎户座上方的蓝线标志着黄道，即太阳在一年中划过天空的轨迹。太阳从不经过猎户座，但人们偶尔会在猎户座发现太阳系的其他行星和月球。\r\n\r\n在猎户座腰带的正南方，有两个梅西叶天体M42（猎户座星云）和M43，用绿色方框标出。这些星云和M78（腰带左边的绿色方框）是巨大的猎户座分子云团的一部分。它覆盖了猎户座的大部分区域，包括这些分子云正在坍缩形成新星的区域。\r\n\r\n该图的 y 轴表示赤纬，单位为度数，以北为上，x 轴表示赤经，单位为小时，以东为左。这里标注的恒星大小与恒星的视星等有关，视星等是衡量恒星视亮度的标准。较大的点代表较亮的恒星。希腊字母表示星座中的亮星。这些恒星按亮度排序，最亮的恒星被标记为α星，第二亮的为β星，等等，不过并不总是完全遵循这种排序。围绕着参宿四的圆圈表示它是一颗变星。虚线是国际天文学联合会划定的星座边界，绿色实线是表示星座的常用形式之一。星座边界和连接恒星的线条都不会出现在实际天空中。","alt_text":"猎户座呈沙漏状，两串恒星分别向东北和西北方延伸","credit_text":"由国际天文学联合会天文教育办公室根据国际天文学联合会/《天空与望远镜》的原文改编","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"zh-hans","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/orion-constellation-map_zh-hans.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/orion-constellation-map_zh-hans.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/zh-hans/resources/diagram/dg783o76n014/"},{"diagram_label":"Cetus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"FP68yg670w90","diagram_title":"Cetus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,286,391,485],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Cetus along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Cetus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Pisces, Aquarius, Sculptor, Fornax, Eridanus, Taurus and Aries. Cetus lies just south of the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. While the Sun does not pass through Cetus, the other planets of the solar system and the Moon can sometimes be found in Cetus. The star Omicron Ceti or Mira is a famous variable star. This red giant varies in brightness by a factor of 600 over the course of its eleven month period. \r\n\r\nCetus spans the celestial equator, thus some part of the constellation is visible from all the the Earth at some point in the year. The full constellation is visible from equatorial and temperate regions of both hemispheres. Cetus is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere late autumn and the southern hemisphere late spring. \r\n\r\nThe barred spiral galaxy M77 lies in Cetus as does the spiral galaxy NGC 247 and the dwarf irregular galaxy IC 1613. All three are marked here with red ellipses. \r\n \r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. Mira is marked with an open circle as it is a variable star not always visible to the naked eye. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Cetus appears as two ellipses, the smaller one north-east of the larger one, connected by a line.","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/cetus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/cetus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/FP68yg670w90/"},{"diagram_label":"Ophiuchus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"ef73go0hL43","diagram_title":"Ophiuchus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,51,66,78,92,116,132,286,299,391,474],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Ophiuchus  along with its bright stars and its surrounding constellations. Ophiuchus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Hercules, Serpens Caput, Scorpius, Sagittarius and Serpens Cauda. Ophiuchus is not part of the traditional twelve zodiac constellations but it lies on the ecliptic (shown here as a blue line), this is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky over the course of a year. The Sun is in Ophiuchus from late November to mid December. The other planets of the Solar System can often be found in Ophiuchus. \r\n\r\nOphiuchus spans the celestial equator and thus part of the constellation is visible across the whole of the earth at some point in the year. However during the time it is most visible in the evenings (the southern hemisphere winter and northern hemisphere summer) much of the arctic is in perpetual daylight making the stars in the constellation impossible to see. The whole constellation is visible from equatorial and temperate regions of both hemispheres. \r\n\r\nAs Ophiuchus lies close to the galactic center it contains many globular clusters such as M9, M10, M12, M14, M19, M62, and M107. These are marked as yellow circles with plus symbols superimposed. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Ophiuchus appears as a headless stick figure","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/ophiuchus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/ophiuchus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/ef73go0hL43/"},{"diagram_label":"Octans Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"jp181P35rG35","diagram_title":"Octans Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,261,286,518],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Octans along with its bright stars and its surrounding constellations. Octans is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Hydrus, Indus, Pavo, Apus, Chameleon and Mensa. Octans is a relatively faint constellation that is notable as it lies at the south celestial pole. While the northern pole star is the relatively bright Polaris, sigma Octans, the southern pole star, is barely visible with the naked eye.\r\n\r\nOctans lies at the south celestial pole and is thus visible from the whole southern hemisphere with some of the constellation visible from equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere. The constellation is circumpolar for most of the southern hemisphere. It is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere autumn and southern hemisphere spring. \r\n\r\nThis diagram maps an area around the south celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines (in hours) are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. The solid circle around the pole marks a line of -80° declination with the larger, incomplete circle to the right marking -70° declination. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Octans appears as an elongated triangle","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/octans-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/octans-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/jp181P35rG35/"},{"diagram_label":"Cassiopeia Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"VE43cn914B57","diagram_title":"Cassiopeia Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[7,8,15,50,56,66,78,86,286,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Cassiopeia along with its bright stars and its surrounding constellations. Cassiopeia is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top):Cepheus, Andromeda, Perseus and Camelopardalis. \r\n\r\nCassiopeia is a northern constellation that is visible from all of the northern hemisphere and equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere. It is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere late autumn and southern hemisphere late spring.\r\n\r\nThe open star clusters M52, M103, NGC 457 and NGC 663 all lie in this constellation. These are marked with yellow circles. Two dwarf elliptical galaxies NGC 147 and NGC 185 lie in the southern part of the constellation. These are marked with red ellipses and are gravitationally bound to the larger Andromeda galaxy which lies to the south in the constellation of Andromeda.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Cassiopeia appears as a double-u shape tilted up at the left end by about 45 degrees","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/cassiopeia-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/cassiopeia-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/VE43cn914B57/"},{"diagram_label":"Ursa Minor Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"wT49Db11i836","diagram_title":"Ursa Minor Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,217,261,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Ursa Minor along with its bright stars and its surrounding constellations. Ursa Minor is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Cephus, Camelopardalis and Draco. Ursa Minor is notable as its brightest star, Polaris is the northern pole star. \r\n\r\nUrsa Minor is visible from the entire northern hemisphere with some parts of the constellation being visible from equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere. It is also circumpolar for temperate and arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. Polaris, lying very close the north celestial pole is circumpolar for the whole of the northern hemisphere. The constellation is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter.\r\n\r\nThis diagram maps an area around the north celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values (in hours) of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. Some of the lines of constant declination (in degrees) are marked on the y-axis. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Ursa Minor appears as a small ladle with the end of the handle, the location of Polaris, at the north pole","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/ursa_minor-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/ursa_minor-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/wT49Db11i836/"},{"diagram_label":"Ursa Major Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"hq75BY71AZ88","diagram_title":"Ursa Major Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,39,50,56,66,78,172,256,286,330,429],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Ursa Major along with its bright stars and its surrounding constellations. Ursa Major is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Draco, Camelopardalis, Lynx, Leo Minor, Leo, Coma Berenices, Canes Venatici and Boötes. Ursa Major is famous for the prominent asterism often known in English as the Big Dipper or the Plough. This prominent northern asterism has a wide variety of names from cultures across the world. While most constellations and asterisms are made up of unrelated stars that randomly appear close together on the sky, five of the stars in the Big Dipper are part of the Ursa Major Moving Group, a group of stars moving through space together that likely formed in the same location 300 million years ago. The two stars on the right-hand end of the Big Dipper on this diagram form a pair of pointer stars that can be used to locate Polaris, the northern pole star which lies in the constellation of Ursa Minor.\r\n\r\nUrsa Major is a northern constellation and is visible from northern and equatorial regions. Parts of the constellation are visible from all but the most antarctic parts of the southern hemisphere but not all temperate regions of the southern hemisphere can see all of the Big Dipper. Conversely the Big Dipper and much of the rest of the constellation are circumpolar in arctic and many temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Ursa Major is most visible in the evening in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn. \r\n\r\nTwo prominent galaxies appear in the northern part of this constellation, the spiral galaxy M81 and M82, a possible spiral galaxy whose structure is difficult to observe from the Earth as it appears edge-on. Both are shown here as red ellipses. The planetary nebula M97 (the Owl Nebula) lies in the middle of the constellation and is marked by a green circle superimposed on a plus symbol. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Ursa Major appears as a ladle with the handle to the east & the cup to the west. Lines of fainter stars extend to the south","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/ursa-major-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/ursa-major-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/hq75BY71AZ88/"},{"diagram_label":"Canis Major Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"wM92AD94GS73","diagram_title":"Canis Major Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,51,66,78,286,304,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Canis Major along with its bright stars and its surrounding constellations. Canis Major is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Monoceros, Lepus, Columba and Puppis. The constellation is dominated by Sirius, the star which appears brightest in the night sky, which far outshines all of the other stars in the constellation. \r\n\r\nCanis Major lies just south of the celestial equator and is visible from all of the southern hemisphere as well as equatorial and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Sirius is visible from all but the most arctic regions. Canis Major is most visible in the evenings in late winter in the northern hemisphere and late summer in the southern hemisphere. \r\n\r\nThe open star clusters M41, NGC 2360 and NGC 2362 lie in the constellation. These are marked with yellow circles.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Canis Major is shaped like a stick figure drawing of a dog tilted up by 45 degrees. Sirius lies at the dog’s shoulder","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/canis_major-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/canis_major-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/wM92AD94GS73/"},{"diagram_label":"Antlia Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"jt94wy56J970","diagram_title":"Antlia Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Antlia along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Antlia is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Hydra, Pyxis, Vela and Centaurus. \r\n\r\nAntlia is a southern constellation that is visible at some point in the year from the whole southern hemisphere as well as equatorial and some temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The constellation is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Antlia appears as a line with a corner in the middle pointing up","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/antlia-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/antlia-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/jt94wy56J970/"},{"diagram_label":"Apus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"Df427a55Gc18","diagram_title":"Apus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,286,518],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Apus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Apus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Triangulum Australe, Circinus, Musca, Chamaeleon, Octans, Pavo and Ara.\r\n\r\nApus is a southern constellation lying close to the south celestial pole. As such it is visible at some point in the year from the entire southern hemisphere but is only visible from the most equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere. Apus is circumpolar for all temperate and antarctic regions of the southern hemisphere. It is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere autumn. \r\n\r\nThe globular cluster NGC 6101 can be found in Apus. It is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus symbol superimposed on it.\r\n\r\nThis diagram maps an area around the south celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values (in hours) of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. Lines of constant declination (in degrees) are marked on the y-axis. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Apus has an northward-pointing isosceles triangle on the east end of an east-west line.","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/apus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/apus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/Df427a55Gc18/"},{"diagram_label":"Aquila Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"A286J384Ch0","diagram_title":"Aquila Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,48,50,51,66,78,92,286,428,429],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Aquila with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Aquila is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Sagitta, Hercules, Ophiuchus, Serpens Cauda, Scutum, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius and Delphinus. Aquila is most notable for its brightest star Altair. This forms one vertex of the prominent Summer Triangle asterism that is visible in northern hemisphere summer evenings. \r\n\r\nAquila spans the celestial equator and thus some part of it is visible from all of the Earth at some point in the year. It is most visible in the evenings in the late northern hemisphere summer and late southern hemisphere winter.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line in the lower right of the diagram is the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Aquila looks like a simplified arrow shape with the head pointing to the lower right (the south west). Altair is in the tail","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/aquila-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/aquila-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/A286J384Ch0/"},{"diagram_label":"Ara Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"oU18zv19Fc41","diagram_title":"Ara Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,132,286,299,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Ara along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Ara is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Scorpius, Norma, Triangulum Australe, Apus, Pavo, Telescopium and Corona Australis.\r\n\r\nAra is a southern constellation that is visible from the entire southern hemisphere at some point in the year and is visible from equatorial with parts of the constellation visible from some temperate parts of the northern hemisphere. It is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter.\r\n\r\nThe globular clusters NGC 6352 and NGC 6397 lie in Ara. These are marked here with yellow circles with plus symbols superimposed on them. The open cluster NGC 6193 also lies in Ara, this is marked here with a yellow circle that is partially obscured by the dot marking the brightest member of the cluster which is visible to the naked eye under good conditions.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Ara appears as a quadrilateral in portrait with the right side shorter than the left","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/ara-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/ara-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/oU18zv19Fc41/"},{"diagram_label":"Auriga Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"pl23j39MY52","diagram_title":"Auriga Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,92,126,211,286,351,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Auriga with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Auriga is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Camelopardalis, Perseus, Taurus, Gemini and Lynx. Capella, the brightest star in Auriga, is the sixth brightest star in the night sky.\r\n\r\nAs a northern constellation, Auriga is visible from the whole of the northern hemisphere at some point in the year. The whole of the constellation is visible to equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere with parts of it visible to temperate southern regions. The whole constellation is circumpolar from arctic regions. The constellation is best viewed in the evening in the late northern hemisphere winter and late southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nAuriga lies in the plane of the Milky Way and thus hosts a number of open clusters. Of these M36, M37 and M38 are marked on this diagram with yellow circles. IC 405, also known as the flaming star nebula, is marked here with a green square.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Auriga looks like a head with a pointed hat on. The ecliptic runs East to West below Auriga","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/auriga-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/auriga-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/pl23j39MY52/"},{"diagram_label":"Boötes Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"6r19RD99H955","diagram_title":"Boötes Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Boötes with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Boötes is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Draco, Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, Coma Berenices, Virgo, Serpens Caput, Corona Borealis and Hercules. It is notable for its brightest star Arcturus which is the fourth brightest star in the night sky.\r\n\r\nBoötes is a northern constellation and the whole constellation is visible to the entire northern hemisphere at some point in the year. Parts of the constellation are visible from all but the most antarctic parts of the southern hemisphere but the whole constellation is only visible from equatorial and some temperate parts of that hemisphere. Boötes is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Boötes appears as a kite shape tilted anticlockwise 45 degrees from the vertical/ Arcturus is at the base of the kite","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/bootes-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/bootes-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/6r19RD99H955/"},{"diagram_label":"Caelum Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"5I77w99xf40","diagram_title":"Caelum Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Caelum with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Caelum is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Eridanus, Horologium, Dorado, Pictor, Columba and Lepus. Caelum is a relatively small and faint constellation.\r\n\r\nCaelum is a southern constellation and the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year from the whole southern hemisphere and from equatorial parts of the northern hemisphere. Parts of the constellation are visible from temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The constellation is most visible in the evenings in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Caelum is a small thin constellation with few bright stars","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/caelum-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/caelum-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/5I77w99xf40/"},{"diagram_label":"Camelopardalis Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"1v1540710v51","diagram_title":"Camelopardalis Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,217,286,330],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Camelopardalis with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Camelopardalis is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Cepheus, Cassiopea, Perseus, Auriga, Lynx, Ursa Major, Draco and Ursa Minor. Camelopardalis is a large constellation but contains relatively few bright stars.\r\n\r\nCamelopardalis is a northern constellation and as such the whole constellation is visible for the whole northern hemisphere at some point in the year. It is also visible from equatorial parts of the southern hemisphere with some parts visible to temperate southern regions. The whole constellation is circumpolar for all arctic and more northerly temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Camelopardalis is best viewed in the evening in the late northern hemisphere winter and late southern hemisphere summer.\r\n\r\nThe spiral galaxies NGC 2403 and IC 342 lie in Camelopardalis and are marked here with red ellipses.\r\n\r\nThis diagram maps an area around the north celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. Some of the lines of constant declination are marked on the y-axis. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Camelopardalis has no very bright stars and no well-defined shape","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/camelopardalis-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/camelopardalis-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/1v1540710v51/"},{"diagram_label":"Canes Venatici Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"eZ5wx71NY52","diagram_title":"Canes Venatici Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,132,286,330],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Canes Venatici with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Canes Venatici is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Ursa Major, Coma Berenices and Boötes. \r\n\r\nCanes Venatici is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year from the whole of the northern hemisphere. The whole of the constellation is also visible from equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere with parts of it visible from temperate southern regions. The constellation is best viewed in the northern hemisphere late spring and southern hemisphere late autumn. \r\n\r\nThe famous spiral galaxy commonly known as the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) lies in Canes Venatici and is marked here with a red ellipse. Other notable spiral galaxies in the cluster include M63, M94, M106 and NGC 4631. All are marked here with red ellipses. The globular cluster M3 is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus symbol superimposed on it. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Canes Venatici is shown as a line going south east to north west joining its two brightest stars","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/canes-venatici-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/canes-venatici-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/eZ5wx71NY52/"},{"diagram_label":"Canis Minor Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"sx35P36xA60","diagram_title":"Canis Minor Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,51,66,78,92,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Canis Minor with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Canis Minor is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Gemini, Monoceros, Hydra and Cancer. Canis Minor has relatively few bright stars but its brightest star Procyon is the eight brightest star in the sky.\r\n\r\nCanis Minor spans the celestial equator and thus part of the constellation is visible from the whole Earth at some point during the year. The whole constellation is visible to all but the most arctic and antarctic regions.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line in the top right of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Canis Minor appears as a straight line extending north west from Procyon which lies in the center of the constellation","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/canis-minor-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/canis-minor-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/sx35P36xA60/"},{"diagram_label":"Carina Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"ml6jp6Ph60","diagram_title":"Carina Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,40,50,66,78,211,286,466,485],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Carina along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Carina is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Vela, Puppis, Pictor, Volans, Chamaeleon, Musca and Centaurus. Carina is notable for Canopus, the second brightest star in the night sky and for the famous variable star Eta Carinae. This latter object is a binary star system of two young very massive stars. Its brightness has varied greatly over the past few centuries. At one point it outshone Canopus before dimming by a factor of four thousand to become invisible to the naked eye. In recent years it has brightened enough to again be visible without the aid of a telescope. \r\n\r\nCarina is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year to the entire southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from northern temperate regions. \r\n\r\nThe open clusters NGC 2516, NGC 3532 and IC 2602 lie in Carina. These are marked here by yellow circles. The Carina Nebula, also known as NGC 3372, lies in the constellation. This large nebula contains many massive young stars, including Eta Carinae. \r\n\r\nThis diagram maps an area around the south celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. Some of the lines of constant declination are marked on the y-axis. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. Carina was previously part of the larger Argo Navis constellation along with Vela and Puppis. As the letter designations for stars were created before this division took place, Greek letter designations are now divided between the three constellations with Carina having stars designated alpha and beta but no gamma or delta. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Carina appears as the hull of a line drawing of a ship which faces left (east). Canopus is on its right (west) edge","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/carina-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/carina-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/ml6jp6Ph60/"},{"diagram_label":"Centaurus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"v423m720Fe95","diagram_title":"Centaurus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,132,286,466,504],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Centaurus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Centaurus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Hydra, Antlia, Vela, Carina, Musca, Crux, Circinus, Lupus and Libra. Centaurus is a large constellation most notable for its brightest star Alpha Centauri. Alpha Centauri is a triple star system and is the nearest star system to the Solar System. When viewed with the naked eye, the two brightest components of Alpha Centauri appear as one star. The combined light from these two stars makes Alpha Centauri appear as the third brightest star in the night sky. The third component of the Alpha Centauri system Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun, is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye.\r\n\r\nCentaurus is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible from the southern hemisphere at some point in the year. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from temperate northern regions. The constellation is best viewed in the evening in the late northern hemisphere spring and late southern hemisphere autumn. \r\n\r\nThe globular cluster Omega Centauri, also known as NGC 5319, lies in Centaurus. Bright enough to be seen with the naked eye, this cluster was initially given a designation as a star in the constellation before its true nature was realised. It is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it. As is the globular cluster NGC 5286. The open cluster NGC 3766 is marked here with a yellow circle. NGC 5128, also known as Centaurus A, is the closest active galaxy to Earth. The supermassive black hole at the heart of this galaxy has launched two huge jets of matter which emit in many different wavelengths including x-ray and radio emission. NGC 5128 is marked with a red ellipse here, as is the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4945.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line in the top left is the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Centaurus appears as a centaur with four legs and two arms facing to the left (east). Alpha Centauri is in the lower left/SE","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/centaurus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/centaurus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/v423m720Fe95/"},{"diagram_label":"Cepheus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"UZ83yf70PF70","diagram_title":"Cepheus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,211,217,286,330,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Cepheus along with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Cepheus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Camelopardalis, Ursa Minor, Draco, Cygnus, Lacerta and Cassiopeia. Cepheus is a large constellation. Its most notable star is Delta Cephei, the prototype for the class of variable stars known as Cepheid variables. These are variable stars which can be used to estimate distances both within our galaxy and to nearby galaxies. \r\n\r\nCepheus lies close to the north celestial pole. As such it is circumpolar for arctic and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The whole of the constellation is also visible at some point in the year in equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of it visible in equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere. It is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere late autumn and southern hemisphere late spring.\r\n\r\nThe open cluster NGC 188 lies in Cepheus and is marked here with a yellow circle. The nebula NGC 7023 also lies in the constellation and is marked with a green square. The red ellipse in the lower right marks the position of the spiral galaxy NGC 6946.\r\n\r\nThis diagram maps an area around the north celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. Some of the lines of constant declination are marked on the y-axis. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. Delta Cephei is marked with a circle around a dot as it is a variable star. Mu Cephei is also a variable star marked here as an open circle. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Cepheus appears as a head wearing a pointy hat tilted anticlockwise by 45 degrees","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/cepheus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/cepheus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/UZ83yf70PF70/"},{"diagram_label":"Chamaeleon Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"G76782323N14","diagram_title":"Chamaeleon Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,286,518],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Chamaeleon with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Chamaeleon is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Carina, Volans, Mensa, Octans, Apus and Musca.\r\n\r\nChamaeleon lies close to the south celestial pole and this the whole of the constellation is visible from the whole southern hemisphere at some point in the year. All or part of the constellation can be seen from equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is circumpolar for all but the most equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere. Chamaeleon is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn. \r\n\r\nThis diagram maps an area around the south celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. The solid circle around the pole marks a line of -80° declination with the larger, incomplete circles above it marking -70° and -60° declination respectively. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Chamaeleon appears as flat rectangle orientated East-West with a line extending to the West (the right here)","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/chamaeleon-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/chamaeleon-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/G76782323N14/"},{"diagram_label":"Circinus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"SL46pQ44Fw15","diagram_title":"Circinus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Circinus with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Circinus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Lupus, Centaurus, Musca, Apus, Triangulum Australe and Norma. Circinus is a relatively small constellation with few bright stars.\r\n\r\nCircinus is a southern constellation and is thus the whole constellation is visible from the whole southern hemisphere at some point in the year. The whole constellation can also be seen from some equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from the remaining equatorial regions and some northern hemisphere temperate locations. The constellation is circumpolar for all antarctic and some southern hemisphere temperate regions. Circinus is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter.\r\n\r\nThe open cluster NGC 5823 lies in Circinus and is marked here with a yellow circle.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Circinus appears as a thin isosceles triangle pointing to the south-west (lower right)","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/circinus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/circinus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/SL46pQ44Fw15/"},{"diagram_label":"Columba Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"Jy70Y283R666","diagram_title":"Columba Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Columba with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Columba is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Lepus, Caelum, Pictor, Puppis and Canis Major. \r\n\r\nColumba is a southern constellation and thus is visible to the whole southern hemisphere at some point in the year. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial and some temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. \r\n\r\nThe globular cluster NGC 1851 lies in Columba and is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Columba has no real structure with three lines radiating out from a central point.","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/columba-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/columba-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/Jy70Y283R666/"},{"diagram_label":"Coma Berenices Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"gf94TA162L55","diagram_title":"Coma Berenices Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,58,66,78,92,99,172,286,330,486],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Coma Berenices with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Coma Berenices is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Canes Venatici, Ursa Major, Leo, Virgo and Boötes. This constellation has relatively few bright stars.\r\n\r\nComa Berenices is a northern constellation close to the celestial equator. As such the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year everywhere on Earth except the most antarctic regions. The constellation is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere late spring and southern hemisphere late autumn. \r\n\r\nComa Berenices is home to a large cluster of galaxies known as the Coma Supercluster. However none of the galaxies in this cluster are marked on this diagram as they are too faint to observe with most amateur telescopes. The elliptical galaxy M85 and the spiral galaxy M100 are members of the nearer Virgo cluster of galaxies. These are marked with red ellipses as are the even nearer M64 and NGC 4565, both of which are spiral galaxies. The globular cluster M53, marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it, also lies in Coma Berenices.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom right of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Coma Berenices looks like an east-west line with a north-south line extending from its east end","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/coma-berenices-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/coma-berenices-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/gf94TA162L55/"},{"diagram_label":"Corona Australis Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"sH69IF82FF61","diagram_title":"Corona Australis Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,132,286,299,474],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Corona Australis with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Corona Australis is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Sagittarius, Scorpius, Ara and Telescopium. This constellation has relatively few bright stars. \r\n\r\nCorona Australis is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible in the southern hemisphere at some point in the year. The constellation can also be viewed from equatorial and some temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The constellation is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. \r\n\r\nThe globular cluster NGC 6541 lies in Corona Australis and is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky. The blue line at the top right of the diagram marks the ecliptic.","alt_text":"Corona Australis has a sickle shape, curving upwards as we move from right to left","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/corona-australis-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/corona-australis-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/sH69IF82FF61/"},{"diagram_label":"Corona Borealis Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"Xw11uO80Zh86","diagram_title":"Corona Borealis Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Corona Borealis with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Corona Borealis is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Boötes, Serpens Caput and Hercules.\r\n\r\nCorona Borealis is a northern constellation and thus the constellation is visible from the whole northern hemisphere at some point in the year. It whole constellation is also visible from equatorial and most temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. The constellation is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Corona Borealis appears as a u-shape tilted slightly to the left","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/corona-borealis-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/corona-borealis-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/Xw11uO80Zh86/"},{"diagram_label":"Corvus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"dg43mu83oJ36","diagram_title":"Corvus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Corvus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Corvus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Virgo, Crater and Hydra.\r\n\r\nCorvus is a southern constellation and thus the whole of the constellation is visible in the southern hemisphere at some point in the year. The whole constellation is also visible from temperate and equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere. Corvus is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere late spring and southern hemisphere late autumn.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the top left marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Corvus appears as a quadrilateral with a short line extending vertically from its lower right (SW) corner","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/corvus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/corvus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/dg43mu83oJ36/"},{"diagram_label":"Crater Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"u23FI0AI99","diagram_title":"Crater Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Crater with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Crater is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Leo, Sextans, Hydra, Corvus and Virgo.\r\n\r\nCrater is a southern constellation so the whole of the cluster is visible at some point in the year from the whole of the southern hemisphere.The whole constellation is also visible from temperate and equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere. The constellation is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the top left of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Crater appears like a goblet tilted by 60 degrees to the left","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/crater-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/crater-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/u23FI0AI99/"},{"diagram_label":"Cygnus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"HL453G70ED9","diagram_title":"Cygnus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,199,211,256,286,429,466,526],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Cygnus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Cygnus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Cepheus, Draco, Lyra, Vulpecula, Pegasus and Lacerta. Cygnus is notable for its brightest star Deneb. This forms one vertex of the prominent Summer Triangle asterism that is visible in northern hemisphere summer evenings. \r\n\r\nCygnus is a northern constellation and thus the whole of the constellation is visible at some point in the year in the whole northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from temperate southern regions. \r\n\r\nThe plane of the Milky Way runs through Cygnus and thus the constellation is rich in nebulae and star clusters. These include the North America Nebula (NGC 7000) and the Crescent Nebula (NGC 6888). The Veil Nebula is a huge supernova remnant, parts of which are marked here as NGC 6960 and NGC 6992/5. All of the previously-mentioned nebulae are marked with green squares. The planetary nebula NGC 6826 is marked here with a green circle superimposed on a plus sign. The open star clusters M29 and M39 are marked here with yellow circles. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Cygnus looks like a swan in flight with the neck pointing to the lower right (south-west). Deneb is the tail","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/cygnus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/cygnus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/HL453G70ED9/"},{"diagram_label":"Delphinus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"Sk61ZE32Db17","diagram_title":"Delphinus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,51,66,78,132,286,428],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Delphinus with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Delphinus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Vulpecula, Sagitta, Aquila, Aquarius, Equuleus and Pegasus. Delphinus is a relatively small constellation with few bright stars. \r\n\r\nDelphinus lies just north of the celestial equator and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year to all but the most antarctic regions. The constellation is best viewed in the evenings in the early northern hemisphere autumn and early southern hemisphere spring. \r\n\r\nThe globular cluster NGC 6934 lies in Dephinus. It is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Delphinus looks like a diamond with an additional small line extending to the south","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/delphinus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/delphinus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/Sk61ZE32Db17/"},{"diagram_label":"Dorado Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"bt23wB95eq70","diagram_title":"Dorado Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,211,286,466,499],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Dorado with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Dorado is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Pictor, Caelum, Horologium, Reticulum, Hydrus, Mensa and Volans.\r\n\r\nDorado is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year from the whole southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible to equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere. Dorado is circumpolar for temperate and antarctic regions of the southern hemisphere. This constellation is best viewed in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer.\r\n\r\nThe Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, lies in Dorado and the neighboring constellation Mensa. The outline of the Large Magellanic Cloud is marked here as a roughly circular loop in green. The open cluster NGC 2070 lies at the heart of the Tarantula Nebula. This is marked here with a green square.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The stars in Dorado form a rough line from south-east to north-west. The LMC lies on the southern boundary of Dorado","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/dorado-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/dorado-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/bt23wB95eq70/"},{"diagram_label":"Draco Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"9p18tC71hh36","diagram_title":"Draco Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,217,256,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Draco with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Draco is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Cepheus, Ursa Minor, Boötes, Hercules, Lyra and Cygnus.\r\n\r\nDraco is a sprawling northern constellation, parts of which lie close to the celestial north pole. As such the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year from the whole northern hemisphere and a thin sliver of the southern hemisphere near the equator. Parts of the constellation are visible from all other southern equatorial and some southern temperate regions. Draco is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter.\r\n\r\nThe planetary nebula NGC 6543 (also known as the Cat’s Eye Nebula) lies in Draco. It is marked here with a green circle superimposed on a plus sign. \r\n\r\nThis diagram maps an area around the north celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. Some of the lines of constant declination are marked on the y-axis. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Draco has the shape of a backward letter s rotated by 90 degrees","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/draco-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/draco-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/9p18tC71hh36/"},{"diagram_label":"Equuleus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"df72rx5Xk69","diagram_title":"Equuleus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286,428],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Equuleus with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Equuleus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Delphinus, Aquarius and Pegasus. It is a relatively small constellation with few bright stars.\r\n\r\nEquuleus lies just north of the celestial equator and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year to all but the most antarctic regions. Equuleus is best viewed in the evening in the early northern hemisphere autumn and early southern hemisphere spring.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Equuleus appears as a north-south line with a short line extending west from its northern end","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/equuleus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/equuleus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/df72rx5Xk69/"},{"diagram_label":"Eridanus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"S17mH11yL78","diagram_title":"Eridanus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286,351,467],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Eridanus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Eridanus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Taurus, Cetus, Fornax, Phoenix, Tucana, Hydrus, Horologium, Caelum, Lepus and Orion. \r\n\r\nEridanus is a large constellation that spans a wide range in declination. A small portion of the constellation is in the northern hemisphere with the southern-most point lying at a declination of almost -60°. As it spans the celestial equator, parts of the constellation are visible to the whole Earth at some point in the year. The whole constellation can be observed from northern and southern equatorial regions, southern temperate regions and most of Antarctica. Eridanus is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Eridanus appears as a letter z tilted by 30 degrees clockwise","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/eridanus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/eridanus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/S17mH11yL78/"},{"diagram_label":"Fornax Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"tN46nV20Km71","diagram_title":"Fornax Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286,330],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Fornax with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Fornax is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Cetus, Sculptor, Phoenix and Eridanus. \r\n\r\nFornax is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible in the whole  southern hemisphere at some point in the year. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial and most temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Fornax is best viewed in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nThe spiral galaxy NGC 1097 lies in Fornax and is marked here with a red ellipse. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Fornax takes the shape of a small, flat, downward-pointing triangle","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/fornax-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/fornax-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/tN46nV20Km71/"},{"diagram_label":"Grus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"ad16OT55f845","diagram_title":"Grus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Grus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Grus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Piscis Austrinus, Microscopium, Indus, Tucana, Phoenix and Sculptor. \r\n\r\nGrus is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year from the whole southern hemisphere at some point in the year. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial and some temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Grus is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere autumn and southern hemisphere spring.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Grus appears as a small triangle pointing south-west with thin wings extending north-west and south-east","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/grus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/grus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/ad16OT55f845/"},{"diagram_label":"Hercules Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"f836up534S27","diagram_title":"Hercules Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,132,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Hercules with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Hercules is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Draco, Boötes, Corona Borealis, Ophiuchus, Aquila, Sagitta, Vulpecula and Lyra.\r\n\r\nHercules is a large, northern constellation that covers a big range in declination. The whole constellation is visible at some point in the year in the whole northern hemisphere and in equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere. Parts of the constellation can be viewed from temperate and almost all antarctic regions of the southern hemisphere. Hercules is best viewed in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter.\r\n\r\nThe globular clusters M13 and M92 lie in Hercules and are marked here with yellow circles with plus signs superimposed on them.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Hercules is a headless stick figure with a square of stars for the body","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/hercules-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/hercules-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/f836up534S27/"},{"diagram_label":"Horologium Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"vK85g032mR87","diagram_title":"Horologium Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,132,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Horologium with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Horologium is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Eridanus, Hydrus, Reticulum, Dorado and Caelum. \r\n\r\nHorologium is a southern constellation and thus is visible in the whole southern hemisphere at some point in the year. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial parts of the northern hemisphere with parts of it visible to some northern temperate regions. Horologium is circumpolar in antarctic and some temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. This constellation is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nThe globular cluster NGC 1261 lies in Horologium, it is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Horologium has the shape of a distorted backwards question mark","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/horologium-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/horologium-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/vK85g032mR87/"},{"diagram_label":"Hydra Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"Mb93uM9dX96","diagram_title":"Hydra Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,132,173,256,286,330,432,466,486],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Hydra with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Hydra is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Leo, Cancer, Canis Minor, Monoceros, Puppis, Pyxis, Antlia, Centaurus, Lupus, Libra, Virgo, Corvus, Crater and Sextans.\r\n\r\nHydra is a large constellation that covers over a quarter of the celestial sphere in right ascension. It also spans the celestial equator and thus part of the constellation is visible from everywhere on the Earth at some point in the year. All parts of the constellation are visible at some point for all but the most antarctic parts of the southern hemisphere and to equatorial and most temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. However the wide span of the constellation means that all of it may not be visible at the same time in many of these regions. Hydra is best viewed in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn. \r\n\r\nThe famous spiral galaxy M83, also known as the Pinwheel Galaxy, lies in Hydra. It is marked here with a red ellipse. The planetary nebula NGC 3242 can also be found in Hydra. It is marked here with a green circle with a plus sign superimposed on it. The open cluster M48 is marked here with a yellow circle while the globular cluster M68 is marked with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line on the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Hydra is shaped like a snake going from the south east to the north west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/hydra-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/hydra-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/Mb93uM9dX96/"},{"diagram_label":"Hydrus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"W9519s40VX19","diagram_title":"Hydrus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Hydrus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Hydrus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Eridanus, Phoenix, Tucana, Octans, Mensa, Dorado, Reticulum and Horologium.  \r\n\r\nHydrus is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible in the southern hemisphere at some point in the year. As it lies close to the celestial south pole, only a small part of the northern hemisphere near the equator can see the whole of Hydrus, with other northern equatorial regions able to see parts of the constellation. Hydrus is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nThis diagram maps an area around the south celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. The solid circle around the pole marks a line of -80° declination with the larger, incomplete circle to the right marking -70° declination. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Hydrus is shaped like an isosceles triangle pointing north","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/hydrus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/hydrus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/W9519s40VX19/"},{"diagram_label":"Indus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"eX979d77B387","diagram_title":"Indus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Indus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Indus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Microcopium, Sagittarius, Telescopium, Pavo, Octans, Tucana and Grus. \r\n\r\nIndus lies near the south celestial pole and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible to a thin strip of the northern hemisphere near the equator with remaining northern equatorial regions able to see parts of the constellation. Indus is circumpolar for temperate and antarctic regions of the southern hemisphere. Indus is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere autumn and southern hemisphere spring.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Indus appears as a right-angled triangle with the right-angle pointing south west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/indus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/indus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/eX979d77B387/"},{"diagram_label":"Lacerta Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"YQ69V022qi60","diagram_title":"Lacerta Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,286,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Lacerta with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Lacerta is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Cepheus, Cygnus, Pegasus, Andromeda and Cassiopeia.\r\n\r\nLacerta is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from temperate southern regions. The whole constellation is circumpolar from arctic regions. Lacerta is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere autumn and southern hemisphere spring.\r\n\r\nThe open cluster NGC 7243 lies in Lacerta, it is marked here with a yellow circle.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Lacerta appears as two linked diamond shapes arranged north-south with a small tail extending below","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/lacerta-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/lacerta-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/YQ69V022qi60/"},{"diagram_label":"Leo Minor Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"iR46NN4KF54","diagram_title":"Leo Minor Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,92,172,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Leo Minor with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Leo Minor is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Ursa Major, Lynx, Cancer and Leo. Leo Minor is a small constellation with relatively few bright stars. It is a separate constellation from and should not be confused with its larger neighbour Leo.\r\n\r\nLeo Minor is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial and temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Leo Minor is circumpolar in arctic regions. This constellation is best viewed in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky. The blue line in the bottom right marks the ecliptic.","alt_text":"Leo Minor appears as a flattened diamond with a line extending from its west end","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/leo-minor-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/leo-minor-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/iR46NN4KF54/"},{"diagram_label":"Lepus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"LL452w49Xj30","diagram_title":"Lepus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Lepus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Lepus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Orion, Eridanus, Caelum, Columba, Canis Major and Monoceros.\r\n\r\nLepus is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation can be viewed at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation can also be viewed from temperate and equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere. Lepus is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer.\r\n\r\nThe globular cluster M79 lies in Lepus. It is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Lepus appears as a crudely drawn rabbit without legs facing west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/lepus-constellation-map_en_MZrdtO5.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/lepus-constellation-map_en_zNC4IfU.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/LL452w49Xj30/"},{"diagram_label":"Lupus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"Ck48oK73mu66","diagram_title":"Lupus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,173,286,299],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Lupus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Lupus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Libra, Hydra, Centaurus, Circinus, Norma and Scorpius.\r\n\r\nLupus is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is visible in equatorial and some temperate regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible to remaining temperate regions. Lupus is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line in the top left of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Lupus takes the shape of a stick figure drawing of a wolf with the head facing north rotated slightly anticlockwise","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/lupus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/lupus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/Ck48oK73mu66/"},{"diagram_label":"Lynx Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"1r6Xl65Db25","diagram_title":"Lynx Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,126,172,286,432],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"Lynx is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible in equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible in southern temperate regions. Lynx is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom right of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Lynx appears as an uneven line going from the south east to the north west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/lynx-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/lynx-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/1r6Xl65Db25/"},{"diagram_label":"Lyra Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"MZ50Rw73oK80","diagram_title":"Lyra Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,132,256,286,429],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Lyra with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Lyra is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Draco, Hercules, Vulpecula and Cygnus. Lyra is dominated by its brightest star Vega which is used to define the zero point of one of the most commonly used magnitude scales of stellar brightness. Vega forms one vertex of the prominent Summer Triangle asterism that is visible in northern hemisphere summer evenings.\r\n\r\nLyra is a northern constellation and thus is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from all equatorial and some temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Parts of the constellation are visible from the remaining southern temperate areas. Lyra is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. \r\n\r\nThe famous planetary nebula M57, commonly known as the Ring Nebula, lies in Lyra. It is marked here with a green circle superimposed on a plus sign. The globular cluster M56 also lies in Lyra and is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Lyra resembles a north-south parallelogram with a triangle joining its north west corner. Vega is one corner of that triangle","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/lyra-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/lyra-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/MZ50Rw73oK80/"},{"diagram_label":"Mensa Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"oL80G389rz37","diagram_title":"Mensa Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Mensa with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Mensa is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Dorado, Hydrus, Octans, Chamaeleon and Volans. Mensa is a faint constellation with relatively few bright stars. \r\n\r\nMensa lies close to the south celestial pole and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is visible to a thin strip of the northern hemisphere around the equator with parts of the constellation visible to some other northern equatorial regions. Mensa is circumpolar in temperate, antarctic and some equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere. Mensa is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nThe Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, lies in Mensa and the neighboring constellation Dorado. The outline of the Large Magellanic Cloud is marked here as a roughly circular loop in green.\r\n\r\nThis diagram maps an area around the south celestial pole. Here lines of constant right ascension converge. The right ascension values of these lines are marked on the x-axis above and below the diagram. The solid circle around the pole marks a line of -80° declination with the larger, incomplete circle to the right marking -70° declination. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"No lines are drawn connecting the stars here to mark the shape of Mensa. The LMC lies on the northern boundary of Mensa","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/mensa-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/mensa-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/oL80G389rz37/"},{"diagram_label":"Microscopium Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"1036AS67IH81","diagram_title":"Microscopium Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,48,50,66,78,92,286,474],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Microscopium with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Microscopium is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Capricornus, Sagittarius, Telescopium, Indus, Grus and Piscis Austrinus. Microscopium is a faint constellation with relatively few  bright stars.\r\n\r\nMicroscopium is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible in equatorial and some temperate regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from other northern temperate regions. Microscopium is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere autumn and southern hemisphere spring. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky. The ecliptic is marked with a blue line in the top right.","alt_text":"No lines are drawn connecting the stars here to mark the shape of Microscopium","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/microscopium-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/microscopium-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/1036AS67IH81/"},{"diagram_label":"Monoceros Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"2157TM62JL65","diagram_title":"Monoceros Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Monoceros with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Monoceros is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Gemini, Orion, Lepus, Canis Major, Puppis, Hydra and Canis Minor. \r\n\r\nMonoceros spans the celestial equator and thus parts of the constellation are visible everywhere on the Earth at some point in the year. The whole constellation is visible to all but the most arctic and antarctic regions. Monoceros is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nThe star-forming Rosette Nebula is marked here with a green square. The open cluster of young stars NGC 2244, which is associated with the Rosette Nebula, is marked with a yellow circle just below it. The other open clusters M50 and NGC 2506 are also marked here with yellow circles.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the top left of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the line marking the ecliptic, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Monoceros appears as a stick figure drawing of a unicorn facing north west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/monoceros-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/monoceros-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/2157TM62JL65/"},{"diagram_label":"Musca Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"bO379985GO52","diagram_title":"Musca Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,286,318],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Musca with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Musca is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Crux, Centaurus, Carina, Chamaeleon, Apus and Circinus. \r\n\r\nMusca is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is visible to a thin strip of the northern hemisphere near the equator with parts of the constellation visible to other northern equatorial regions. Musca is circumpolar in temperate and antarctic regions of the southern hemisphere. Musca is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere late spring and southern hemisphere late autumn.\r\n\r\nThe globular clusters NGC 4372 and NGC 4833 lie in Musca and are marked here with yellow circles with plus signs superimposed on them.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Musca appears as a crudely-drawn arrow pointing south east","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/musca-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/musca-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/bO379985GO52/"},{"diagram_label":"Norma Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"ra899185pS79","diagram_title":"Norma Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286,299,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Norma with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Norma is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Scorpius, Lupus, Circinus, Triangulum Australe and Ara. Norma is a faint constellation with relatively few bright stars.\r\n\r\nNorma is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from some northern hemisphere temperate regions. Norma is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. \r\n\r\nThe open clusters NGC 6025 and NGC 6087 lie in Norma and are marked here with yellow circles.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Norma has a kite shape with its thinnest angle pointing north-north-west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/norma-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/norma-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/ra899185pS79/"},{"diagram_label":"Pavo Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"2p48cz1Ud25","diagram_title":"Pavo Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,132,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Pavo with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Pavo is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Telescopium, Ara, Apus, Octans and Indus.\r\n\r\nPavo is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible in some equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible in the remaining northern equatorial regions. Pavo is circumpolar in antarctic and most temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. The constellation is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. \r\n\r\nThe globular cluster NGC 6752 lies in Pavo and is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Pavo appears like a crudely-drawn peacock with the tail in the east and the body in the west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/pavo-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/pavo-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/2p48cz1Ud25/"},{"diagram_label":"Pegasus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"uN36zW81Pr75","diagram_title":"Pegasus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[7,15,50,66,78,92,132,252,286,330,428,429],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Pegasus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Pegasus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Lacerta, Cygnus, Vulpecula, Delphinus, Equuleus, Aquarius, Pisces and Andromeda. Pegasus is known for the prominent asterism the “Square of Pegasus” which consists of its three brightest stars plus the brightest star in Andromeda.\r\n\r\nPegasus is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible to southern hemisphere equatorial and temperate zones with parts of the constellation visible from all but the most antarctic regions. Pegasus is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere autumn and southern hemisphere spring. \r\n\r\nThe globular cluster M15 lies in Pegasus and is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it. The spiral galaxy NGC 7331 also lies in Pegasus and is marked here with a red ellipse.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars, nor the ecliptic, appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Pegasus appears as a square with lines extending west from its western two vertices","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/pegasus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/pegasus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/uN36zW81Pr75/"},{"diagram_label":"Perseus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"SN20Ne16hj18","diagram_title":"Perseus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,256,286,466,485],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Perseus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Perseus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Camelopardalis, Cassiopeia, Andromeda, Triangulum, Aries, Taurus and Auriga. Perseus is home to the notable variable star Algol.\r\n\r\nPerseus is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible to equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible to southern temperate regions. Perseus is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nThe open clusters NGC 869 and NGC 884 (commonly known as the Double Cluster) lie in Perseus as does the open cluster M34. These are all marked with yellow circles. The brightest star in Perseus, Mirfak (alpha Persei), along with some of the surrounding stars are members of the Alpha Persei open cluster. The planetary nebula M76 also lies in Perseus, it is marked here with a green circle superimposed on a plus sign. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dot marking Algol is surrounded by a circle, showing it is a variable star. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom left of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars, nor the ecliptic, appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Perseus resembles a crudely-drawn person with a round body and head tilting to the north west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/perseus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/perseus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/SN20Ne16hj18/"},{"diagram_label":"Phoenix Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"Q717fJ577l56","diagram_title":"Phoenix Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Phoenix with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Phoenix is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Sculptor, Grus, Tucana, Hydrus, Eridanus and Fornax.\r\n\r\nPhoenix is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible to equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible to most temperate northern regions. Phoenix is circumpolar in antarctic and some temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. The constellation is best viewed in the northern hemisphere late autumn and southern hemisphere late spring.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Phoenix appears as a north-south diamond with a right-angled triangle extending from its western corner","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/phoenix-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/phoenix-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/Q717fJ577l56/"},{"diagram_label":"Pictor Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"zF97Dc8Sp10","diagram_title":"Pictor Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,106,254,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Pictor with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Pictor is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Columba, Caelum, Dorado, Volans, Carina and Puppis. Pictor is notable for its second brightest star, Beta Pictoris. This young star hosts a large disk of dusty material left over from the planet formation process along with two planets, one of which Beta Pictoris b was one of the first planets to be directly imaged by astronomers.\r\n\r\nPictor is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from some equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible to the remaining northern equatorial regions and some northern hemisphere temperate zones. Pictor is best viewed in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Pictor appears as a slightly bent line going from the south east to north west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/pictor-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/pictor-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/zF97Dc8Sp10/"},{"diagram_label":"Piscis Austrinus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"vs44va14nt24","diagram_title":"Piscis Austrinus Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,48,50,66,78,92,286,428],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Piscis Austrinus with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Piscis Austrinus is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Aquarius, Capricornus, Microscopium, Grus and Sculptor.\r\n\r\nPiscis Austrinus is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible to some equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible to the remaining equatorial and some temperate northern hemisphere regions. Piscis Austrinus is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere autumn and southern hemisphere spring.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line in the top right of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars, nor the ecliptic, appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The stars in Piscis Austrinus form a rough horizontal fish shape with the tail facing west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/piscis-austrinus-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/piscis-austrinus-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/vs44va14nt24/"},{"diagram_label":"Puppis Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"mm77SA28bU24","diagram_title":"Puppis Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Puppis with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Puppis is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Monoceros, Canis Major, Columba, Pictor, Carina, Vela, Pyxis and Hydra.\r\n\r\nPuppis is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible to equatorial and some temperate regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible to all but the most arctic regions. Puppis is best viewed in the evenings in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer.\r\n\r\nThe open clusters M46, M93 and NGC 2477 lie in Puppis and are marked here with yellow circles. The globular cluster M47 also lies in Puppis and is marked here with a yellow circle with a cross superimposed on it.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. Puppis was previously part of the larger Argo Navis constellation along with Vela and Carina. As the letter designations for stars were created before this division took place, Greek letter designations are now divided between the three constellations with Puppis having stars designated epsilon and zeta but no alpha, beta, gamma or delta. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Puppis appears to form the rear part of a great sailing ship with Carina and Vela forming the rest of the ship","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/puppis-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/puppis-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/mm77SA28bU24/"},{"diagram_label":"Pyxis Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"uo79Ly54Ou16","diagram_title":"Pyxis Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Pyxis with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Pyxis is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Hydra, Puppis, Vela and Antilia.\r\n\r\nPyxis is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible in equatorial and some temperate regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible to the remaining temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The three brightest stars in Pyxis form a straight line going south-south-west to north-north-east","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/pyxis-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/pyxis-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/uo79Ly54Ou16/"},{"diagram_label":"Reticulum Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"kQ42I655ma97","diagram_title":"Reticulum Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Reticulum with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Reticulum is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Horologium, Hydrus and Dorado.\r\n\r\nReticulum is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation are visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible to most equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere, with parts of the constellation visible to the remaining equatorial and some temperate northern regions. Reticulum is circumpolar for all antarctic and most temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. The constellation is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Reticulum appears as four stars in a kite shape pointing south west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/reticulum-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/reticulum-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/kQ42I655ma97/"},{"diagram_label":"Sagitta Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"fA66kX67Mh92","diagram_title":"Sagitta Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,132,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Sagitta with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Sagitta is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Vulpecula, Hercules, Aquila and Delphinus. Sagitta is a relatively small constellation.\r\n\r\nSagitta is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible to equatorial and temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Sagitta is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. \r\n\r\nThe globular cluster M71 lies in Sagitta. It is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The stars in Sagitta are shaped like an arrow with a tail. The arrow points north east","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/sagitta-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/sagitta-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/fA66kX67Mh92/"},{"diagram_label":"Sculptor Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"ZO82p521KX42","diagram_title":"Sculptor Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,164,286,330],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Sculptor with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Sculptor is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top):  Cetus, Aquarius, Piscis Austrinus, Grus, Phoenix and Fornax. \r\n\r\nSculptor is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible in equatorial and most temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Parts of the constellation are also visible to the remaining northern temperate regions. Sculptor is best viewed in the evening in the late northern hemisphere autumn and late southern hemisphere spring. \r\n\r\nThe irregular galaxy NGC 55, and the spiral galaxies NGC 253 and NGC 300 all lie in Sculptor. There are marked here with red ellipses.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Sculptor’s stars form hook shape with the curve of the hook pointing west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/sculptor-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/sculptor-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/ZO82p521KX42/"},{"diagram_label":"Scutum Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"ge882097hM44","diagram_title":"Scutum Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Scutum with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Scutum is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Serpens Cauda, Sagittarius and Aquila.\r\n\r\nScutum is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from all but the most arctic regions. \r\n\r\nTwo open clusters lie in Scutum: M11, commonly known as the Wild Duck Cluster; and M26. Both of these are marked here with yellow circles.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars, nor the ecliptic, appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The stars in Scutum form an elongated diamond with the longer axis pointing north east","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/scutum-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/scutum-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/ge882097hM44/"},{"diagram_label":"Serpens Caput Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"Vz14Lb22Cd91","diagram_title":"Serpens Caput Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,51,66,78,132,173,286,486],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"A map of part of the constellation Serpens. Serpens is unique amongst IAU constellations in that it is divided into two non-contiguous parts. The part of Serpens shown here is known as Serpens Caput, representing the head of the serpent. This part of Serpens is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Corona Borealis, Boötes, Virgo, Libra, Ophiuchus and Hercules.  \r\n\r\n\r\nSerpens Caput spans the celestial equator thus parts of the constellation are visible at some point in the year across the Earth. The whole constellation is visible to temperate and equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere and all of the northern hemisphere except a small region around the north pole. Serpens Caput is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. \r\n\r\nThe globular cluster M5 lies in Serpens Caput. It is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The stars in Serpens Caput appear to form a north-south snake with a triangular head at the north end","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/serpens-caput-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/serpens-caput-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/Vz14Lb22Cd91/"},{"diagram_label":"Serpens Cauda Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"7P47Z230jz66","diagram_title":"Serpens Cauda Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,51,66,78,211,286,466,474],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"A map of part of the constellation Serpens. Serpens is unique amongst IAU constellations in that it is divided into two non-contiguous parts. The part of Serpens shown here is known as Serpens Cauda, representing the tail of the serpent. This part of Serpens is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Ophiuchus, Sagittarius, Scutum and Aquila.\r\n\r\nSerpens Cauda spans the celestial equator thus parts of the constellation are visible at some point in the year across the Earth. The whole constellation is visible to all but the most arctic and antarctic regions. Serpens Cauda is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. \r\n\r\nThe Eagle Nebula and its associated star cluster are marked here as M16 with a yellow circle. This region was the location of the famous “pillars of creation” image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars, nor the ecliptic, appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The stars in Serpens Cauda form a north-east to south-west line","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/serpens-cauda-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/serpens-cauda-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/7P47Z230jz66/"},{"diagram_label":"Sextans Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"8n24fA64M880","diagram_title":"Sextans Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,51,66,78,92,172,286,452],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Sextans with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Sextans is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Leo, Hydra and Crater. Sextans is a small constellation with relatively few bright stars. \r\n\r\nSextans spans the celestial equator and thus parts of the constellation are visible at some point in the year across the Earth. The whole constellation is visible in all but the most arctic and most antarctic regions. Sextans is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn. \r\n\r\nThe lenticular galaxy NGC 3115 lies in Sextans. It is marked here with a red ellipse.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the top of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars, nor the ecliptic, appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The stars in Sextans take the shape of a hook with the concave part pointing south","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/sextans-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/sextans-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/8n24fA64M880/"},{"diagram_label":"Telescopium Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"yP47FR3OE40","diagram_title":"Telescopium Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286,474],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Telescopium with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Telescopium is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Corona Australis, Ara, Pavo, Indus, Microscopium and Sagittarius.\r\n\r\nTelescopium is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible in equatorial and some temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Telescopium is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The stars in Telescopium do not form a clear shape with the exception of a small right angled triangle of brighter stars","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/telescopium-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/telescopium-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/yP47FR3OE40/"},{"diagram_label":"Triangulum Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"PH823i56VA27","diagram_title":"Triangulum Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[7,8,15,16,50,66,78,199,252,286,330],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Triangulum with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Triangulum is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Andromeda, Pisces, Aries and Perseus.\r\n\r\nTriangulum is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial and most temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Triangulum is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere winter and southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nThe Triangulum Galaxy M33 lies in the constellation. This spiral galaxy is the third largest member of the local group of galaxies after the Andromeda Galaxy and Milky Way. It is marked here with a red ellipse.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. The blue line at the bottom left of the diagram marks the ecliptic. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars, nor the ecliptic, appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The bright stars in Triangulum form an isosceles triangle pointing south west","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/triangulum-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/triangulum-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/PH823i56VA27/"},{"diagram_label":"Triangulum Australe Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"U7931q78GV19","diagram_title":"Triangulum Australe Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Triangulum Australe with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Triangulum Australe is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Norma, Circinus, Apus and Ara. \r\n\r\nTriangulum Australe is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from some equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from the remaining northern equatorial regions. Triangulum Australe is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere summer and southern hemisphere winter. \r\n\r\nThe open cluster NGC 6025 lies in Triangulum Australe and is marked here with a yellow circle.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The brightest stars in Triangulum Australe for a roughly equilateral triangle","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/triangulum-australe-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/triangulum-australe-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/U7931q78GV19/"},{"diagram_label":"Tucana Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"Is45R6524x76","diagram_title":"Tucana Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,132,286,500],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Tucana with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Tucana is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Grus, Indus, Octans, Hydrus, Eridanus and Phoenix. \r\n\r\nTucana is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is visible to some equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible to the remaining northern equatorial regions. Tucana is best viewed in the northern hemisphere autumn and southern hemisphere spring.\r\n\r\nThe Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way lies in Tucana with a small part spilling over into the neighbouring constellation of Hydrus. The SMC is marked here with a green loop in the south east of Tucana. The globular clusters NGC 104, also known as 47 Tucanae or 47 Tuc, and NGC 362 lie in Tucana and are marked here with yellow circles with plus signs superimposed on them. While these two clusters appear close to the SMC on the sky, they are both significantly closer than that satellite galaxy.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The stars in Tucana form an oval shape. The Small Magellanic Cloud lies in the constellation’s south east","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/tucana-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/tucana-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/Is45R6524x76/"},{"diagram_label":"Vela Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"V9551l81HI74","diagram_title":"Vela Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Vela with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Vela is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Pyxis, Puppis, Carina, Crux, Centaurus and Antlia. \r\n\r\nVela is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible from equatorial regions of the northern hemisphere with parts of the constellation visible from most temperate northern hemisphere regions. Vela is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere spring and southern hemisphere autumn.\r\n\r\nThe planetary nebula NGC 3132 lies in Vela and is marked here with a green circle superimposed on a plus sign. The globular cluster NGC 3201 also lies in Vela and is marked here with a yellow circle with a plus sign superimposed on it. A yellow circle marks the position of the open cluster IC 2391.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. Vela was previously part of the larger Argo Navis constellation along with Puppis and Carina. As the letter designations for stars were created before this division took place, Greek letter designations are now divided between the three constellations with Vela having stars designated gamma and delta but no alpha or beta. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"Vela appears to form the sail of a great sailing ship with Carina and Puppis forming the rest of the ship","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/vela-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/vela-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/V9551l81HI74/"},{"diagram_label":"Volans Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"gB4aW93Ve96","diagram_title":"Volans Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Volans with its bright stars and surrounding constellations. Volans is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Carina, Pictor, Dorado, Mensa and Chamaeleon.\r\n\r\nVolans is a southern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in year throughout the southern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible to a strip of the northern hemisphere near the equator. Volans is best viewed in the evening in the late northern hemisphere winter and late southern hemisphere summer. \r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The stars in Volans form the shape of two triangles connected at one vertex","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/volans-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/volans-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/gB4aW93Ve96/"},{"diagram_label":"Vulpecula Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"Yy23vm81eD90","diagram_title":"Vulpecula Constellation Map","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,256,286,466],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"The constellation Vulpecula with its brighter stars and surrounding constellations. Vulpecula is surrounded by (going clockwise from the top): Cygnus, Lyra, Hercules, Sagitta, Delphinus and Pegasus.\r\n\r\nVulpecula is a northern constellation and thus the whole constellation is visible at some point in the year throughout the northern hemisphere. The whole constellation is also visible in equatorial and temperate regions of the southern hemisphere. Vulpecula is best viewed in the evening in the northern hemisphere early autumn and southern hemisphere early spring.\r\n\r\nThe planetary nebula M27, commonly known as the Dumbbell Nebula lies in Vulpecula and is marked here with a green cross superimposed on a plus sign. The open cluster NGC 6885 also lies in Vulpecula and is marked here with a yellow circle.\r\n\r\nThe y-axis of this diagram is in degrees of declination with north as up and the x-axis is in hours of right ascension with east to the left. The sizes of the stars marked here relate to the star's apparent magnitude, a measure of its apparent brightness. The larger dots represent brighter stars. The Greek letters mark the brightest stars in the constellation. These are ranked by brightness with the brightest star being labeled alpha, the second brightest beta, etc., although this ordering is not always followed exactly. The dotted boundary lines mark the IAU's boundaries of the constellations and the solid green lines mark one of the common forms used to represent the figures of the constellations. Neither the constellation boundaries, nor the lines joining the stars appear on the sky.","alt_text":"The stars in Vulpecula do not form a clear shape","credit_text":"Adapted by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Education from the original by the IAU and Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"en","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/vulpecula-constellation-map_en.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/vulpecula-constellation-map_en.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/resources/diagram/Yy23vm81eD90/"},{"diagram_label":"Carina Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"ml6jp6Ph60","diagram_title":"Mappa della Costellazione Carina","glossary_terms":[15,40,50,66,78,211,286,466,485],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione di Carina con le sue stelle luminose e le costellazioni circostanti. Carina è circondata da (in senso orario dall'alto): Vela, Puppis, Pictor, Volans, Chamaeleon, Musca e Centaurus. Carina si distingue per Canopo, la seconda stella più luminosa del cielo notturno e per la famosa stella variabile Eta Carinae. Quest'ultimo oggetto è un sistema stellare binario di due giovani stelle molto massicce. La sua luminosità è variata molto negli ultimi secoli. A un certo punto ha superato Canopo, prima di diminuire di quattromila volte fino a diventare invisibile a occhio nudo. Negli ultimi anni si è illuminata abbastanza da essere nuovamente visibile senza l'ausilio di un telescopio.\r\n\r\nCarina è una costellazione australe e quindi l'intera costellazione è visibile in qualche momento dell'anno in tutto l'emisfero meridionale. L'intera costellazione è visibile anche dalle regioni equatoriali dell'emisfero settentrionale e alcune parti della costellazione sono visibili dalle regioni temperate settentrionali.\r\n\r\nGli ammassi aperti NGC 2516, NGC 3532 e IC 2602 si trovano in Carina. Qui sono contrassegnati da cerchi gialli. La Nebulosa Carina, nota anche come NGC 3372, si trova nella costellazione. Questa grande nebulosa contiene molte stelle giovani e massicce, tra cui Eta Carinae.\r\n\r\nQuesto diagramma mappa un'area intorno al polo sud celeste. Qui convergono le linee di ascensione retta costante. I valori di ascensione retta di queste linee sono segnati sull'asse x sopra e sotto il diagramma. Alcune linee di declinazione costante sono segnate sull'asse delle ordinate. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non viene sempre seguito esattamente. Carina faceva precedentemente parte della costellazione della Nave Argo, insieme a Vela e Puppis. Poiché le designazioni delle lettere delle stelle sono state create prima di questa divisione, le designazioni delle lettere greche sono ora divise tra le tre costellazioni, con Carina che ha stelle designate alfa e beta, ma non gamma o delta. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee verdi continue indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono nel cielo.","alt_text":"Carina appare come lo scafo di un disegno lineare di una nave rivolta verso sinistra (est). Canopo si trova sul bordo destro (ovest).","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio di Astronomia per l'Educazione della IAU dall'originale della IAU e di Sky & Telescope.","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/carina-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/carina-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/ml6jp6Ph60/"},{"diagram_label":"Aries Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"4V79cV84bK15","diagram_title":"Mappa della costellazione dell'Ariete","glossary_terms":[15,16,50,66,78,92,252,286,351,391],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione dell'Ariete con le sue stelle luminose e le costellazioni circostanti. L'Ariete è circondato da (in senso orario dall'alto) Triangolo, Pesci, Ceto, Toro e Perseo.  L'Ariete si trova sull'eclittica (qui rappresentata da una linea blu), il percorso che il Sole compie nel cielo nel corso di un anno. Il Sole si trova in Ariete da metà aprile a metà maggio. Gli altri pianeti del sistema solare si trovano spesso in Ariete.\r\n\r\nL'Ariete si trova appena a nord dell'equatore celeste ed è quindi visibile in qualche momento dell'anno da tutto il pianeta Terra, ad eccezione delle regioni più antartiche del mondo. L'Ariete è maggiormente visibile la sera nell'emisfero settentrionale in inverno e nell'emisfero meridionale in estate.\r\n\r\nL'asse y di questo diagramma è in gradi di declinazione con il nord in alto e l'asse x è in ore di ascensione retta con l'est a sinistra. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non è sempre rispettato esattamente. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee verdi continue indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni, né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono in cielo.","alt_text":"L'Ariete è costituito per lo più da stelle, con  stelle luminose a nord della costellazione unite da una linea curva. L'eclittica corre da WSW a ENE","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio IAU di Astronomia per l'educazione dall'originale di IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/aries-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/aries-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/4V79cV84bK15/"},{"diagram_label":"Columba Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"Jy70Y283R666","diagram_title":"Mappa della Costellazione di Columba","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione di Columba con le sue stelle luminose e le costellazioni circostanti. Columba è circondata da (in senso orario dall'alto): Lepus, Caelum, Pictor, Puppis e Canis Major.\r\n\r\nLa Columba è una costellazione australe e quindi è visibile da tutto l'emisfero meridionale in un certo periodo dell'anno. L'intera costellazione è visibile anche dalle regioni equatoriali e da alcune regioni temperate dell'emisfero settentrionale.\r\n\r\nL'ammasso globulare NGC 1851 si trova in Columba ed è contrassegnato da un cerchio giallo con un segno più sovrapposto.\r\n\r\nL'asse y di questo diagramma è in gradi di declinazione con il nord in alto e l'asse x è in ore di ascensione retta con l'est a sinistra. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non è sempre rispettato esattamente. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee verdi continue indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni, né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono in cielo.","alt_text":"Columba non ha una vera e propria struttura, con tre linee che si irradiano da un punto centrale.","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio di Astronomia per l'Educazione della IAU dall'originale della IAU e di Sky & Telescope.","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/columba-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/columba-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/Jy70Y283R666/"},{"diagram_label":"Aquila Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"A286J384Ch0","diagram_title":"Mappa della Costellazione dell'Aquila","glossary_terms":[15,48,50,51,66,78,92,286,428,429],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione dell'Aquila con le sue stelle luminose e le costellazioni circostanti. L'Aquila è circondata da (in senso orario dall'alto): Sagitta, Ercole, Ofiuco, Serpens Cauda, Scutum, Sagittario, Capricorno, Acquario e Delfino. L'Aquila si distingue soprattutto per la sua stella più luminosa, Altair. Questa forma uno dei vertici dell'importante asterismo del Triangolo estivo, visibile nelle serate estive dell'emisfero settentrionale.\r\n\r\nL'Aquila si estende sull'equatore celeste e quindi una parte di essa è visibile da tutta la Terra in un certo periodo dell'anno. È maggiormente visibile nelle sere della tarda estate dell'emisfero settentrionale e dell'inverno dell'emisfero meridionale.\r\n\r\nL'asse y di questo diagramma è in gradi di declinazione con il nord in alto e l'asse x è in ore di ascensione retta con l'est a sinistra. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non è sempre rispettato esattamente. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee verdi continue indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono nel cielo. La linea blu in basso a destra del diagramma è l'eclittica.","alt_text":"Aquila ha l'aspetto di una freccia semplificata con la testa rivolta in basso a destra (sud-ovest). Altair è nella coda","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio IAU di Astronomia per l'Educazione dall'originale di IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/aquila-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/aquila-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/A286J384Ch0/"},{"diagram_label":"Ophiuchus Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"ef73go0hL43","diagram_title":"Mappa della costellazione dell'Ofiuco","glossary_terms":[15,50,51,66,78,92,116,132,286,299,391,474],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione di Ofiuco con le sue stelle luminose e le costellazioni circostanti. L'Ofiuco è circondato da (in senso orario dall'alto): Ercole, Serpens Caput, Scorpius, Sagittarius e Serpens Cauda. L'Ofiuco non fa parte delle dodici costellazioni zodiacali tradizionali, ma si trova sull'eclittica (qui rappresentata da una linea blu), ovvero il percorso che il Sole compie nel cielo nel corso di un anno. Il Sole si trova in Ofiuco da fine novembre a metà dicembre. Gli altri pianeti del Sistema solare si trovano spesso in Ofiuco.\r\n\r\nL'Ofiuco si estende sull'equatore celeste e quindi parte della costellazione è visibile su tutta la Terra in un certo periodo dell'anno. Tuttavia, durante il periodo in cui è più visibile la sera (l'inverno dell'emisfero meridionale e l'estate dell'emisfero settentrionale), gran parte dell'Artico è in perenne luce diurna, rendendo impossibile vedere le stelle della costellazione. L'intera costellazione è visibile dalle regioni equatoriali e temperate di entrambi gli emisferi.\r\n\r\nPoiché Ofiuco si trova vicino al centro galattico, contiene molti ammassi globulari come M9, M10, M12, M14, M19, M62 e M107. Questi sono contrassegnati da cerchi gialli con simboli più sovrapposti.\r\n\r\nL'asse y di questo diagramma è in gradi di declinazione con il nord in alto e l'asse x è in ore di ascensione retta con l'est a sinistra. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non è sempre rispettato esattamente. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee verdi continue indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni, né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono in cielo.","alt_text":"Ofiuco appare come una figura acefala stilizzata","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio IAU di Astronomia per l'Educazione dall'originale di IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/ophiuchus-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/ophiuchus-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/ef73go0hL43/"},{"diagram_label":"Gemini Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"eV99f410tY61","diagram_title":"Mappa della Costellazione dei Gemelli","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,126,286,351,391],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione zodiacale dei Gemelli e le costellazioni circostanti. Partendo dall'alto del diagramma e procedendo in senso orario, queste sono Auriga, Toro, Lince, Orione, Unicorno, Cane Minore e Cancro. Le stelle più luminose dei Gemelli, Castore e Polluce, appaiono nell'angolo superiore sinistro (nord-est) del diagramma. Nella mitologia greca, si pensa che le stelle di questa costellazione assomiglino a due gemelli abbracciati, con Castore e Polluce che indicano le loro teste. I Gemelli si trovano sull'eclittica (qui rappresentata da una linea blu), il percorso che il Sole compie nel cielo nel corso di un anno. Il Sole si trova nei Gemelli da fine giugno a fine luglio. Gli altri pianeti del Sistema solare si trovano spesso nei Gemelli.\r\n\r\nI Gemelli si trovano a nord dell'equatore celeste e sono visibili in tutte le regioni del mondo tranne quelle antartiche. I Gemelli sono maggiormente visibili la sera nell'emisfero settentrionale in inverno e nell'emisfero meridionale in estate.\r\n\r\nAppena a destra del piede del gemello Castore si trova un ammasso aperto di stelle (etichettato come un cerchio giallo con un bordo tratteggiato), Messier 35, noto anche come Ammasso della fibbia della scarpa. Questo ammasso si estende su un'area grande all'incirca come la Luna piena. Oltre a questo ammasso di stelle, c'è una nebulosa planetaria (etichettata come un cerchio verde con quattro punte radiali) - NGC 2392 - vicino all'equatore celeste e appena a sinistra della gemella Polluce. Due stelle variabili (Mekbuda e Propus, etichettate come due cerchi concentrici) si trovano nelle \"gambe\" di ciascuna gemella, ma sono così deboli che un osservatore dovrebbe avere un cielo buio per vederle.\r\n\r\nL'asse y di questo diagramma è in gradi di declinazione con il nord in alto e l'asse x è in ore di ascensione retta con l'est a sinistra. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non è sempre rispettato esattamente. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee verdi continue indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono in cielo.","alt_text":"I Gemelli assomigliano a due figure stilizzate, con la testa rivolta a Nord-Est e le braccia unite. L'eclittica passa da W a E attraverso i Gemelli.","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio IAU di Astronomia per l'Educazione dall'originale di IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/gemini-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/gemini-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/eV99f410tY61/"},{"diagram_label":"Orion Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"dg783o76n014","diagram_title":"Mappa della costellazione di Orione","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,126,286,351,467,485],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione di Orione con le sue stelle luminose e le costellazioni circostanti. Orione è circondata da (in senso orario dall'alto) Toro, Eridano, Lepre, Unicorno e Gemelli. Le stelle più luminose di Orione, Betelgeuse e Rigel, si trovano rispettivamente all'estremità settentrionale (in alto in questo diagramma) e meridionale (in basso) della costellazione, con la famosa \"cintura\" di tre stelle al centro.\r\n\r\nOrione si estende sull'equatore celeste ed è quindi visibile in alcuni periodi dell'anno da tutto il pianeta Terra. Nelle regioni più artiche o antartiche del mondo, alcune parti della costellazione potrebbero non essere visibili. Orione è più visibile la sera nell'emisfero settentrionale in inverno e nell'emisfero meridionale in estate. La linea blu sopra Orione segna l'eclittica, il percorso che il Sole sembra compiere attraverso il cielo nel corso di un anno. Il Sole non passa mai per Orione, ma occasionalmente si possono trovare in Orione gli altri pianeti del sistema solare e la Luna.\r\n\r\nA sud della cintura di Orione si trovano i due oggetti Messier M42 (la nebulosa di Orione) e M43, contrassegnati da quadrati verdi. Queste nebulose, insieme a M78 (qui il quadrato verde a sinistra della cintura), fanno parte dell'enorme complesso Molecolare Nebuloso di Orione. Questo copre la maggior parte della costellazione e comprende regioni in cui queste nubi molecolari stanno collassando per formare giovani inizi.\r\n\r\nL'asse y di questo diagramma è in gradi di declinazione con il nord in alto e l'asse x è in ore di ascensione retta con l'est a sinistra. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non viene sempre seguito esattamente. Il cerchio intorno a Betelgeuse indica che si tratta di una stella variabile. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee solide verdi indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono nel cielo.","alt_text":"Orione appare come un disegno a forma di clessidra con due stringhe di stelle che si estendono a nord-est e a nord-ovest.","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio IAU di Astronomia per l'educazione dall'originale di IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/orion-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/orion-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/dg783o76n014/"},{"diagram_label":"Ursa Minor Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"wT49Db11i836","diagram_title":"Mappa della costellazione dell'Orsa Minore","glossary_terms":[15,50,56,66,78,217,261,286],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione dell'Orsa Minore con le sue stelle luminose e le costellazioni circostanti. L'Orsa Minore è circondata da (in senso orario dall'alto): Cefeo, Giraffa e Drago. L'Orsa Minore si distingue per la sua stella più luminosa, Polaris, la stella del polo nord.\r\n\r\nL'Orsa Minore è visibile da tutto l'emisfero settentrionale e alcune parti della costellazione sono visibili dalle regioni equatoriali dell'emisfero meridionale. È anche circumpolare per le regioni temperate e artiche dell'emisfero settentrionale. La Stella Polare, che si trova molto vicino al polo nord celeste, è circumpolare per tutto l'emisfero settentrionale. La costellazione è più visibile la sera nell'emisfero nord in estate e nell'emisfero sud in inverno.\r\n\r\nQuesto diagramma mappa un'area intorno al polo nord celeste. Qui convergono le linee di ascensione retta costante. I valori di ascensione retta (in ore) di queste linee sono segnati sull'asse x sopra e sotto il diagramma. Alcune linee di declinazione costante (in gradi) sono segnate sull'asse delle ordinate. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non è sempre rispettato esattamente. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee verdi continue indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni, né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono in cielo.","alt_text":"L'Orsa Minore appare come un piccolo mestolo con l'estremità del manico, la posizione della Stella Polare, al polo nord.","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio IAU di Astronomia per l'Educazione dall'originale di IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/ursa-minor-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/ursa-minor-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/wT49Db11i836/"},{"diagram_label":"Virgo Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"aT839V20hT52","diagram_title":"Mappa della Costellazione della Vergine","glossary_terms":[15,39,50,58,66,78,92,99,172,173,286,330,348,391,486],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione zodiacale della Vergine e le costellazioni circostanti. Partendo dall'alto del diagramma e procedendo in senso orario, queste sono Chioma di Berenice, Leone, Cratere, Corvo, Bilancia e Bootes. La stella più luminosa della Vergine, Spica, si trova appena al di sotto dell'eclittica (qui rappresentata da una linea blu), al centro della mappa. Un modo per individuare questa stella nel cielo notturno è seguire il manico dell'Orsa Maggiore fino alla stella Arturo in Bootes e percorrere una linea retta fino a Spica (\"arco per Arturo e picco per Spica\"). Questa stella si trova appena sotto l'eclittica. L'eclittica è il percorso che il Sole compie nel cielo nel corso di un anno. Il Sole si trova in Vergine da metà settembre a fine ottobre. Gli altri pianeti del Sistema solare si trovano spesso in Vergine.\r\n\r\nLa Vergine si estende sull'equatore celeste e quindi una parte di essa è visibile in un certo periodo dell'anno da tutto il pianeta Terra, con una parte della costellazione oscurata nelle regioni più artiche e antartiche del mondo. La Vergine è maggiormente visibile la sera nella primavera dell'emisfero settentrionale e nell'autunno dell'emisfero meridionale.\r\n\r\nLa costellazione della Vergine appare come una persona sdraiata con la schiena approssimativamente contro l'eclittica, le braccia distese e i piedi puntati verso est. Nella Vergine sono visibili diversi oggetti del cielo profondo, tra cui NGC4697, M49, M87, M86, M84 e M60, tutti etichettati come ellissi rosse sulla mappa. Sono tutte galassie a spirale ed ellittiche situate a diversi milioni di anni luce dalla Terra. In particolare, M87 ospita il buco nero super massiccio (Pōwehi) che è stato fotografato dal telescopio Event Horizon nel 2019. Tutte queste galassie fanno parte dell'Ammasso della Vergine, l'ammasso di galassie più vicino alla Via Lattea.\r\n\r\nL'asse y di questo diagramma è in gradi di declinazione con il nord in alto e l'asse x è in ore di ascensione retta con l'est a sinistra. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non è sempre rispettato esattamente. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee verdi continue indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono in cielo.","alt_text":"La costellazione della Vergine pare una persona sdraiata con la schiena contro la diagonale dell'eclittica, le braccia distese, i piedi rivolti a est.","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio IAU di Astronomia per l'educazione dall'originale di IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/virgo-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/virgo-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/aT839V20hT52/"},{"diagram_label":"Octans Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"jp181P35rG35","diagram_title":"Mappa della Costellazione di Ottante","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,261,286,518],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione di Ottante con le sue stelle luminose e le costellazioni circostanti. Ottante è circondata da (in senso orario dall'alto): Idro, Indo, Pavone, Apus, Camaleonte e Mensa. Ottante è una costellazione relativamente debole, che si distingue perché si trova al polo sud celeste. Mentre la stella del polo nord è la relativamente luminosa Stella Polare, la sigma Octans, la stella del polo sud, è appena visibile a occhio nudo.\r\n\r\nOttante si trova al polo sud celeste ed è quindi visibile da tutto l'emisfero meridionale, mentre una parte della costellazione è visibile dalle regioni equatoriali dell'emisfero settentrionale. La costellazione è circumpolare per la maggior parte dell'emisfero meridionale. È meglio osservarla di sera nell'emisfero settentrionale in autunno e nell'emisfero meridionale in primavera.\r\n\r\nQuesto diagramma mappa un'area intorno al polo sud celeste. Qui convergono le linee di ascensione retta costante. I valori di ascensione retta di queste linee (in ore) sono segnati sull'asse x sopra e sotto il diagramma. Il cerchio pieno intorno al polo segna una linea di -80° di declinazione, mentre il cerchio più grande e incompleto a destra segna -70° di declinazione. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non è sempre rispettato esattamente. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee verdi continue indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni, né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono in cielo.","alt_text":"L'ottante si presenta come un triangolo allungato","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio IAU di Astronomia per l'educazione dall'originale di IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/octans-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/octans-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/jp181P35rG35/"},{"diagram_label":"Scorpius Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"uM753a62k218","diagram_title":"Mappa della costellazione dello Scorpione","glossary_terms":[15,50,66,78,92,132,173,286,299,391,466,474,485],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione dello Scorpius (spesso chiamato comunemente Scorpione) con le sue stelle luminose e le costellazioni circostanti. Lo Scorpione è circondato da (in senso orario dall'alto) Ofiuco, Testa di Serpente, Bilancia, Lupo, Norma, Ara, Corona Australe e Sagittario. La stella più luminosa dello Scorpione, Antares, appare nel cuore della costellazione con la famosa coda di Scorpione a sud-est (in basso a sinistra). Lo Scorpione si trova sull'eclittica (qui rappresentata da una linea blu), il percorso che il Sole compie nel cielo nel corso di un anno. Il Sole trascorre solo un breve periodo di tempo a fine novembre in Scorpione. Gli altri pianeti del Sistema solare si trovano spesso in Scorpione.\r\n\r\nScorpione si trova a sud dell'equatore celeste. L'intera costellazione non è visibile dalle regioni più artiche del mondo e alcune parti di Scorpione sono oscurate per gli osservatori delle regioni settentrionali dell'Asia, dell'Europa e del Nord America. Scorpione è maggiormente visibile la sera nell'emisfero settentrionale in estate e nell'emisfero meridionale in inverno.\r\n\r\nI cerchi gialli indicano le posizioni degli ammassi aperti M6, M7 e NGC 6231, mentre i cerchi gialli con il segno più sovrapposto indicano gli ammassi globulari M4 e M80.\r\n\r\nL'asse y di questo diagramma è in gradi di declinazione con il nord in alto e l'asse x è in ore di ascensione retta con l'est a sinistra. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non è sempre rispettato esattamente. Il cerchio intorno ad Antares indica che si tratta di una stella variabile. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee verdi continue indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono in cielo. La linea blu segna l'eclittica, il percorso che il Sole sembra compiere attraverso il cielo nel corso di un anno.","alt_text":"Lo Scorpione appare come una lettera T unita a una lettera J. L'eclittica corre da ESE a WNW e taglia un braccio della T","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio IAU di Astronomia per l'educazione dall'originale di IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/scorpius-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/scorpius-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/uM753a62k218/"},{"diagram_label":"Pisces Constellation Map","diagram_slug":"5t4fz51Q587","diagram_title":"Mappa della Costellazione dei Pesci","glossary_terms":[7,15,16,34,50,66,78,92,252,286,391,428],"categories":["Naked Eye Astronomy"],"category_ids":[4],"big_ideas":[],"big_ideas_subidea":["1.2"],"big_ideas_subidea_ids":[2],"caption":"La costellazione dei Pesci con le sue stelle luminose e le costellazioni circostanti. I Pesci sono circondati da (in senso orario dall'alto) Andromeda, Pegaso, Acquario, Balena, Ariete e Triangolo. I Pesci si trovano sull'eclittica (qui rappresentata da una linea blu), il percorso che il Sole compie nel cielo nel corso di un anno. Il Sole si trova nei Pesci da metà marzo a metà aprile. Il Sole si trova quindi in Pesci all'equinozio di marzo. A questo punto l'eclittica attraversa l'equatore celeste. La posizione del Sole all'equinozio di primavera viene utilizzata per fissare il punto zero della coordinata di posizione dell'Ascensione retta. Gli altri pianeti del Sistema solare si trovano spesso nei Pesci.\r\n\r\nI Pesci si estendono sull'equatore celeste e sono quindi visibili in alcuni periodi dell'anno da tutto il pianeta Terra. Nelle regioni più artiche o antartiche del mondo, alcune parti della costellazione potrebbero non essere visibili. I Pesci sono maggiormente visibili la sera nell'emisfero settentrionale in autunno e nell'emisfero meridionale in primavera.\r\n\r\nLa galassia a spirale di grande disegno M74 è contrassegnata in questo diagramma da un piccolo cerchio rosso.\r\n\r\nL'asse y di questo diagramma è in gradi di declinazione con il nord in alto e l'asse x è in ore di ascensione retta con l'est a sinistra. Le dimensioni delle stelle qui segnate si riferiscono alla magnitudine apparente della stella, una misura della sua luminosità apparente. I punti più grandi rappresentano le stelle più luminose. Le lettere greche indicano le stelle più luminose della costellazione. Queste sono classificate in base alla luminosità: la stella più luminosa è etichettata come alfa, la seconda più luminosa come beta e così via, anche se questo ordine non è sempre rispettato esattamente. Le linee tratteggiate delimitano i confini delle costellazioni stabiliti dall'IAU e le linee verdi continue indicano una delle forme comuni utilizzate per rappresentare le figure delle costellazioni. Né i confini delle costellazioni, né le linee che uniscono le stelle appaiono in cielo.","alt_text":"I Pesci appaiono come una forma a V orientata verso SW con anse alla fine di ogni linea. L'eclittica corre da WSW a ENE attraverso i Pesci.","credit_text":"Adattato dall'Ufficio IAU di Astronomia per l'Educazione dall'originale di IAU/Sky & Telescope","credit_url":"https://www.iau.org/Iau/Iau/Science/What-we-do/The-Constellations.aspx","generated_from_github_repository":null,"license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en","language_code":"it","multimedia_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/multimedia/pisces-constellation-map_it.png","pdf_file":"http://www.astro4edu.org/media/diagrams/pdf/pisces-constellation-map_it.pdf","diagram_url":"https://astro4edu.org/it/resources/diagram/5t4fz51Q587/"}]}